48 ; 
infesting orange trees in Florida. The trees bore very few scale 
insects, till they were thoroughly sprayed with Bordeaux mixture 
when they immediately began to increase owing to the parasitic fungi 
being destroyed by the Bordeaux mixture and the trees were finally 
badly attacked. Similar trees near by which were not sprayed were 
as free from scale as before. The principle of intecting the trees 
infested by scale with the suitable fungi has been found successful 
in combating the pests, and three methods of so doing have been 
adopted. The first is to spray the infected trees with spores and 
portions of mycelium of the fungus. This is done by stirring up 
leaves well infected by the fungus for ten to fifteen minutes in water, 
so that about forty fructifications are mixed with a pint of water. 
The liquid is then strained through a fine wire mesh or coarse 
muslin, and sprayed on the trees, as finely as possible. This has 
been found the most effective way. 
The second method is to tie infected material in the trees so that 
the spores of the fungus may come in contact with the scales. This 
has proved very successful also. The third method consists of plant- 
ing among the trees to be infected small trees bearing the parasitic 
fungi so that the spores may spread from one to the other. 
The Coccidac are not as a rule so destructive in the Malay 
Peninsula as they are elsewhere, but occasionally are very abundant 
and injurious. No attempt has been made yet in this region to study 
their parasitic fungi, but we may hope that our mycologists will 
devote some time to this subject, in order that in case of attacks we 
may be able to deal with them. The greatest attention seems to have 
been paid to the scale attacking limes and oranges in the West 
Indies and Florida, and these plants are worse attacked her ethan any 
other. 
The whole paper from which these notes are taken ( published 
in the West Indian Bulletin Yol by i. p. by Mr. F. W. South) 
is one of considerable interest and well worth study. Ei>. 
COTTON IN GERMAN EAST AFRICA. 
We have received from the Kolonial Wortschaftliches Kqmitec 
of Berlin an excellent account of the cultivation of cotton in the 
German Colonies (Anleitung fur die Baumwolkuitur in den Deuts- 
chen Kolonien) by Prof, Dr. A. Zimmermann. The work, though not 
a very large one, is very rich in important information and is very 
well illustrated and treats in a compact way of the varieties, cultiva 
tion, preparation, returns, markets, value and use of the seed, and 
the diseases. Of animal pests the author records 258 kinds ranging 
from the hippopotamus to coccids and eelworms. The number of 
Hemiptera as pests is very large. Upwards of eighty fungi are 
