18 
hammerstones, and were chipped, pecked, and ground into celts. Ferru- 
ginous argillite (Plate XIX, figures 1-3), found in heaps A and D, was 
possibly used for paint for the face or body. A fragment of hematite 
found in heap D and siliceous hematite found in heap N were probably 
used for red paint. Schist carrying specularite, found in heap D, may 
have been used for glistening reddish black paint. Graphitic schist and 
argillite, such as was found in heap D and is illustrated in Plate XIX, 
figure 4, probably furnished black pigment. No mica was found. A 
nodule of manganese-iron ore was found in heap A. There is a piece of 
iron pyrites in the Patterson collection which, according to the catalogue, 
was found on the farm of Mr. Peter Millar, probably in heap O; it may 
have been used for striking fire. 
Of metals, only copper was found. It is represented by only two 
specimens: a point for an arrow, barb, awl, or needle, found in heap A 
(Plate VII, figure 3); and an object pounded to rectangular section, pos- 
sibly a point for an arrow, barb, awl, or unfinished needle, found in heap 
L (Plate VII, figure 4). Two pieces of hammered copper in the Patterson 
collection are catalogued as from the prehistoric cemetery. Another 
specimen of copper from the same place is a small, thin knife-blade in 
the United States National Museum (Cat. No. 34169). Patterson states 
that “there are three specimens in the collection besides pieces of copper 
hammered out as if intended for the formation of similar ones”, and he 
believed that more copper knives had been found in this cemetery than 
in all the rest of Nova Scotia (a, page 235). 
Native copper was used in Nova Scotia, according to Sir J. W. Dawson 
(a, page 41). Eighteen specimens, comprising eight copper nuggets, 
several of which appear to have been hammered, two pieces of sheet 
copper, rough knife-shaped objects, and six small “piercers”, all of the 
native copper of the trap of the bay of Fundy, have been found at Back- 
man beach, Lunenburg county, according to Piers 1 . These are Cat. 
No. 75 in the Provincial Museum, Halifax. Patterson (a, page 235, 
and c, page 676) refers to both knives and beads made of copper that w T ere 
found in Lunenburg county. Besides these, a shaft of copper, square 
in section but pointed at both ends, was collected from a shell-heap at 
cape d’Or by Mr. C. H. Mills, and two small copper nuggets were found 
in the Eisenhauer shell-heap. 
Clay was used for making pottery, which was fashioned into vessels, 
but not into strainers, spoons, pipes, disks, beads, nor into various modelled 
forms on the edges of the vessels. 
Articles of Bone 
The bones, antlers, and teeth of animals were used as material for 
various objects, and the skins no doubt were made into garments and other 
useful things. The following species are represented by the remains 
found: moose, deer, black bear, wolf, dog, beaver, red fox, raccoon, 
lynx or wild cat, porcupine, woodchuck, squirrels, rabbit, muskrat, whale, 
seal, walrus, unidentified birds, and fish. 
Bone was used in considerable quantity for implements, but only 
for a few kinds. Implements of bone are said by Piers (a, page 116) 
1 Of. Piers (a),p. 116, and (b), p. 288. 
