19 
to be uncommon in Nova Scotia as a whole, there being only a few speci- 
mens, including “piercers" and “fish-spears", in the Provincial Museum 
and in the Patterson collection in Dalhousie University. The scarcity 
' of bone implements may be more apparent than real, because most collec- 
tions, unless made by experienced persons and from fresh excavations, 
contain only objects more readily recognized and less destructible by 
weather and agricultural operations 1 than those of bone. Bone is 
the material of more than 150 simple points, more than 50 
harpoons, and more than 100 awls. A rib of a whale furnished 
material for the object considered as a bark peeler, on page 20, 
or a club, on page 76 (Plate VII, figure 13), and at least two wedges are 
of the same material. The metacarpus and the metatarsus of deer 
were made into awl-like implements. Large, thick bones furnished the 
material for points thought to be for arrows, harpoons, and awls; hollow 
bird bones for awls, and thin walled bones for what are considered, on page 
65, to be needles. Fragments of the large bones of large mammals and 
small fragments of various bones were commonly found in the heaps. 
Ulnse of the fox and raccoon were used to make awl-like implements. Bone 
furnished the material for what are considered, on page 35, to be fish-hooks, 
and for a number of objects of unknown use. Toe bones of moose were 
perforated through the joint surface of the far end, for use probably in 
a game similar to “ring and pin". 
Articles of Antler 
A cylinder and a few wedge-like or chisel-like objects are made of 
antler. Antler was not identified as the material of any of the simple 
points, harpoons, or awls. The cylindrical object of unknown use, illus- 
trated on Plate XIX, figure 20, and bearing incised geometric and picto- 
graphic marks, is made of antler. 
Articles of Teeth 
Canine teeth of the bear, and at least one each of the wolf and the 
seal, and one incisor tooth of a moose were made into pendants 
by perforating the tip of the root. A canine tooth was made into an object 
considered on page 20 to be a fish-hook. An incisor tooth of a moose 
was rubbed on each side edge of the root, as described on page 69. Beaver 
teeth w T ere sharpened in various ways, and some were cut off at the back 
and across the root, apparently for use as knives. Bear teeth were cut in 
two, lengthwise, for some unknown purpose. A shark’s tooth found in 
heap A was made into what is considered, on page 26, to be a point for an 
arrow (Plate V, figure 22). 
Walrus ivory was used for making some objects. Four pieces 
of this material were found in heap A. One is a piece of raw material, 
a tusk lacking both point and base; another is a piece in process of cutting 
in two by grooving and breaking (Plate XVIII, figure 13); the third is a 
piece that has been cut off by this process (Plate XVIII, figure 12) ; the 
fourth is a fragment of the shaft of a simple point, harpoon, or awl. The 
catalogue of the Patterson collection states that a piece of ivory was found 
1 Cf. Smith lb). 
