20 
in heap 0, and that the large object made of walrus ivory, illustrated on 
Plate XX, figure 4, was found on the Millar farm, which probably means 
in heap 0. There are also in the Patterson collection two awls made of 
ivory, from Merigomish harbour. Pieces of walrus ivory are said to be 
uncommon in Nova Scotia as a whole, there being only a few specimens in 
the collections in the Provincial Museum and Dalhousie University: and 
Piers 1 states that these include harpoon points made of ivory, similar to 
those used by the Eskimo. 
Articles of Shell 
Shell was found in rather large pieces as tempering in the pottery, 
but no spoons, scrapers, beads, pendants, disks, or pins made of this material 
were found, and Patterson (a, page 251) found no implements in Nova 
Scotia made of shell. In fact, objects made of shell are rarer in the shell- 
heaps and elsewhere on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Canada than they 
are in the mounds of the interior of the continent. 
Articles of Plants 
Charcoal and wood ashes were found. The cord suggested by the 
impressions upon the outer surface of pottery was probably of plant fibre. 
No implements for the gathering of vegetable fibre were recognized, though 
objects were found (Plate VII, figures 9, 10, 13) that closely resemble the 
bark peelers of the Pacific coast. 
IMPLEMENTS USED IN THE SECURING OF FOOD 
The implements used in procuring food, so far as illustrated among 
our finds, were for hunting, fishing, and possibly for gathering plant food. 
They include chipped stone and rubbed bone points, a point made of a 
shark’s tooth, barbed harpoon points of rubbed bone, possibly two points 
made of copper, peculiar objects made of bone, and a canine tooth. Spears 
or javelins are not mentioned by Lescarbot 2 as being used by the natives 
of this region, and though the points chipped from stone may not have been 
used on spears, many of the simple points rubbed out of bone, and certainly 
the barbed points made of bone, were used on harpoons. The Micmacs 
of today use a harpoon for taking eels (Plate XXI, figure 1). We 
found no undoubted fish-hooks, but the smaller of the simple points of 
bone may have been so used, as well as the two copper points shown on 
Plate VII, figures 3 and 4, and the peculiar objects made of bone and a 
canine tooth described on page 67 (Plate VII, figures 5-8). There was no 
evidence of nets. No objects known to have been used for gathering 
wild-plant foods, or to have served as agricultural implements, were found, 
unless some of the large pieces of bone and antler (Plate VII, figures 9-11, 
13) are bark peelers. Possibly agricultural work may have been done 
with wooden digging sticks, long since completely decayed. 
1 Cf. Piers (a), p. 110. 
* Cf. Gilpin, p. 222. 
