22 
points were probably used as knives, as no other large knives were found, 
the few knives made of copper and those made of beaver and woodchuck 
teeth all being small. But it must not be forgotten that knives made of 
bark may have been used, as among the Iroquois. The points with notches 
and stems and possibly the others also may have been hafted. That they 
were used as spear points is possible, but Lescarbot describes no such 
spears and Denys refers only to spears with bone points. 
No caches of chipped points, or of any other class of objects, were 
found on the harbour. 
In general the chipping of the points is neither of the most crude 
nor of the best workmanship found on the Atlantic coast of America. It 
is crude as compared with chipped stone work of the interior of both Canada 
and the United States. No points have noticeably serrated edges. 
Throughout Nova Scotia, according to Piers (a, page 111), points 
chipped out of stone for arrows are comparatively common, and most 
of them are of siliceous stone, a large proportion in the general collection 
in the Provincial Museum being chipped from quartzite. They are 
leaf-shaped, notched, and stemmed, and large points are less numerous 
than small ones. In the Peabody Museum of Harvard University there are 
from Nova Scotia about fifty points chipped from stone for knives or 
projectiles. 
Ma?iufadure of Chipped Stone Points. Extensive manufacture of 
chipped points apparently did not take place at the sites on Merigomish 
harbour, although a few angular pieces of metargillite, quartz pebbles, 
chips, very roughly chipped pieces of stone such as might be termed 
rejects, and a few other specimens were collected. The method of manu- 
facture is partly illustrated by a series of specimens, chiefly of metar- 
gillite and quartzite, selected from the objects found in the shell-heaps. 
Hammerstones (Plate XIV) were, probably, used to break the pieces 
of raw material into suitable form and for roughly chipping them. The 
pin-shaped object made of antler, illustrated on Plate XVI, figure 6, 
may have been a percussion tool used as a chipper. Chips (Plate III, 
figures 3 and 4), the refuse from the process of chipping, were found. Points 
roughly chipped into form, but lost or rejected because of some fault 
in the material or accident in chipping, were found (Plate III, figures 7-14). 
The fine flaking which completed the work was probably done with a 
flaker made of bone or antler, which may have been buried in ashes or 
otherwise treated so as to remove the greasy animal matter and make it 
less liable to slip while in use. None of these was recognized among the 
objects found. A lath-shaped piece of bone of a sea mammal found in 
heap A may be a flaker. It is about 7 inches long, nearly flat on both 
sides, rounded off on both edges, and decayed, or broken and decayed 
at the ends. Some blades, identical with rejects, may have been ready 
for specialization into various forms by further flaking or merely by notch- 
ing, or they may have been used as they are. The finished points pre- 
viously discussed complete the series. 
The chipping of points out of metargillite is illustrated by one hundred 
and seven specimens. One is a pebble; three are chips of pebbles, one of 
which appears to be from a celt and chipped on the broken surface; two 
are pieces which, when fresh from the quarry, would have been suitable 
