34 
intervals of about a thirty-second of an inch (Plate VII, figures 1, 2), 
whereas the third (in the Patterson collection, Cat. No. 212) has deep 
notches forming large barbs. Both the fragments of points found are of 
bone, are lanceolate with lenticular cross-section, have both ends missing, 
and have been burned. Both edges have many minute barbs of the fourth 
type, that is, made by notching a ridge. The ridges are formed by small 
grooves on each side. In one (figure 2) the barbs are on the lower part 
only. The specimen in the Patterson collection consists of several frag- 
ments of bone, the tip and part of one edge being missing; but it shows 
that it had two barbs on one edge and one opposite the upper barb on the 
other edge. It is 3f inches long by ^ wide and | thick. As the edges are 
bilaterally symmetrical wherever complete, it seems that the barbs were 
in pairs and, judging by the proportions of the object, there was probably 
a third pair of barbs at the tip; but, as it was thin, it was probably not 
provided with a slit for the reception of a stone point. There is a line hole 
through the base, but, as on the perforated unilaterally barbed heads, this 
hole is not in the middle. 
Toggle points for harpoons are rare on the harbour. Only two are 
known, both found in heap 0 and now in the Patterson collection. The 
first (Plate XX, figure 1) is made of bone and has a slit in the upper end 
for the reception of a point, probably one chipped from stone. There is 
a hollow in the base for the reception of the end of a shaft or foreshaft. 
The barb remains on one side, but appears to be broken off on the other. 
There is a transverse lenticular hole from side to side through the middle, 
and the sides from the hole to the base have been slightly hollowed. Appar- 
ently the hole and the groove on each side were for a line to hold the toggle 
point to the shaft or foreshaft. It is 3 r V inches long by wide and ^ 
thick. The second (figure 2) is made of ivory. There is a deep pit in 
the base, rather too deep to allow it to toggle easily. The hole for the 
toggle line was larger than in the other point. This point was broken 
across the hole and the upper part is misisng. It is If inches long by l^g- 
wide and about § inch thick. 
Points Made of Copper. Simple points made of copper, like the two 
found (Plate VII, figures 3, 4), may have been used on arrows, as barbs to 
fish-spears or fish-hooks, or as awls. Bone points of similar size and shape, 
lashed to modern shafts, have recently been used as fish-hooks by the 
Montagnais of lake St. John, Quebec (Plate XXI, figure 2). The first of 
the copper points is roughly four-sided, with rounded corners, but runs 
out to a conical point. The base is divided for three-eighths of an inch, 
w r hich suggests that the point may have been a needle with the basal end 
of the eye split open, but as there is a crack near the point in the same plane 
with this split the latter seems more likely to be merely an opened seam 
in the copper. The second is also four-sided and nearly twdce as wide as 
thick, but the corners are not rounded, and the point, formed by bevelling 
from the side edges, is rough. At the lower end it is bent over and split 
flatwise. Near the middle and at the point the seam of this split also shows. 
The object seems to be a piece of copper for use as material or an unfin- 
ished artifact rather than a point, barb, needle, or awl. 
In other parts of Nova Scotia seven specimens have been found. Six 
of these, found at Backman beach, Lunenburg county, are described as 
