35 
awls, on page 65, but may have been points. They are pointed at both 
ends, square in cross-section, from f inch to inches long, and are Cat. No. 
75 in the Provincial Museum, Halifax. Another, pointed at both ends 
and square in cross-section, was collected from a shell-heap at cape d’Or 
by Mr. C. H. Mills. 
Fish-spears. The simple points made of bone, described as arrow 
points, the harpoon heads made of bone, and in fact some of the points 
chipped from stone, may have been used for fish-spears. The modern 
Micmacs use a simple conoid point made of wood as the middle prong of 
their eel spears (Plate XXI, figure 1). 
Fish-hooks. Some of the bone objects considered as simple points 
and as awls, among them especially the smaller sharpened pieces and one 
or both of the copper objects described on page 34 (Plate VII, figures 3, 4), 
may have been used as fish-hooks or as barbs for hooks. The Nova Scotia 
Indians are said to have taken ocean fish with a bone hook. 1 Similar 
points lashed to a wooden shaft are used for hooks by the Montagnais 
Indians of lake St. John, Quebec (Plate XXI, figure 2). Possibly, but 
not probably, the little objects described on page 67 (Plate VII, figures 
5-8) were used for artificial baits. 
Nets. Fish were, probably, caught in nets, but there are no impressions 
of netting on fragments of pottery. No objects recognized as mesh measures 
were found; but if the prehistoric people, like the modern Micmacs, used 
wooden mesh measures, they would not be preserved in the shell-heaps. 
Pebbles notched or grooved on two edges and without battered ends, which 
might be considered net sinkers, were not found on the harbour. 
GATHERING PLANT FOOD 
No evidence was found of tools for gathering wild plant food or for 
planting or cultivating. If such tools had usually been made of wood, 
as is probable, traces of them would rarely or never be found under the 
climatic conditions of this region. That such tools were not made by 
the Micmacs in early days is corroborated by the facts, mentioned on 
page 17, that tobacco was not planted by them in Nova Scotia 2 , and that 
planting of any kind was not done east or north of Kennebec river, Maine, 
after they could get biscuits from the French. 
IMPLEMENTS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF FOOD 
Some indications of the methods of preparation of food are afforded 
by the points chipped from stone — possibly used as knives — the evidence 
of processes of cooking, the fragments of pottery, and the sharpened 
objects made of bone, possibly used as forks, all of which were found 
in the shell-heaps on the harbour. No pestles, mortars, or strainers made 
of pottery were discovered. According to the catalogue of the Patterson 
collection, a piece of iron pyrites, probably for striking fire, was found 
on the Millar farm. 
i Cf. Gilpin, p. 321. 
* Gilpin, p. 222. 
