52 
smaller, flattish pebbles, four are nearly spherical, and one is a large disk- 
shaped pebble. Four are from heap A, four from heap D, one from the 
surface of heap E, and one from heap M. 
Typical specimens are shown on Plate XIV. Simple hammerstones 
consist of pebbles or masses of rock showing battered and sometimes 
chipped surfaces on the ends or entire circumference, and sometimes are 
faceted. These are apparently simple or less specialized forms of the 
pitted hammerstones, which were not found. The pitted hammerstones 
consist of pebbles or blocks of waterworn stone which were pecked on the 
middle of either side, apparently for the reception of the thumb upon one 
side and the middle finger on the other to facilitate holding the object as 
a hand hammer. The celt shown on Plate XIV, figure 8, has such a pit 
on each side and the edge is fractured and battered as if used as a hammer. 
Such pitted hammerstones are common in Ontario, Michigan, and various 
parts of the Mississippi valley. Perhaps some of the hammerstones found 
were used only temporarily, and all only for pounding and not as anvils. 
One specimen is apparently a celt which was used as a hammerstone until 
the head was fractured and the cutting edge reduced to two battered facets. 
These hammerstones were probably used in chipping stone for the manu- 
facture of points, driving stakes, pounding meat, cracking nuts, and for 
other purposes. 
Of the three hammerstones the size of a fist, one found in heap A 
is a purple, jasper-quartzite pebble, much battered on one end by repeated 
use, fractured slightly around the edge of the battered end, and has a 
large piece of one side broken away. Another from the same heap (figure I) 
is a yellow quartzite pebble, battered on both ends and in a spot near the 
middle of one side. On one end the battering has made a smooth surface 
with a slight fracture at one side; on the other it has made a rougher 
surface and struck off several chips at one side. The third specimen, 
from heap D, is a yellow quartzite pebble, slightly and smoothly battered 
on one end and an adjacent edge. 
Of the two smaller and flatter specimens, one (Plate XIV, figure 2) 
is a disk-shaped, granite pebble, thicker on one edge than the other, that 
has been battered in smooth facets around both sides of the entire edge. 
The other specimen (figure 3) appears to be made from the end of a wide, 
flat, well-made celt of granite rather than from an oval pebble. The 
surface seems to have been polished. The top has a large piece chipped 
off on one side. The side edges are flattened by battering, and the lower 
edge is battered smoothly into two long facets, so that the striking edge 
resembles in shape the edge of a celt, except that the facets meet obtusely 
instead of acutely. 
Of the four nearly spherical hammerstones, three are about 2 inches in 
diameter. One of these (Plate XIV, figure 4) is a purple, jaspery quartzite 
pebble and is battered on the higher parts of about half its surface. The 
next (figure 5) is also a purple, jaspery quartzite and is battered all over in 
crude facets and into a form suggesting a decahedron. Another, about 
the same size, of granite (figure 6) is an even more symmetrical decahedron. 
The fourth, about 3 inches in diameter and of purple sandstone, was found 
in heap D and is battered over much of its disintegrated surface in a way 
that changes it only slightly in appearance from a natural pebble. 
