64 
to the catalogue of the Patterson collection, four were found on the Millai 
farm, and two, made of ivory, on the harbour, making a total of one hun- 
dred and three (Plate XVII, figures 3-16). 
Awls were probably used in making holes in moose skin and similar 
material employed for moccasins and other garments. Some may have 
been used in making baskets, weaving nets, netting snowshoes, or decorating 
pottery. Some are similar to awl-like objects used by the modern Micmac 
Indians as snowshoe mesh punchers. Some were probably used as tines 
of forks for the preparation or eating of food, as was mentioned on page 36. 
Some of them, especially the long ones, may have been used as harpoon 
points or daggers in hunting or warfare, and the smaller specimens may 
have served as points for arrows, fish-hooks, or barbs for large hooks. 
Possibly the notches on the specimen shown on Plate XIX, figure 16, 
considered to be for decorative purposes, were intended to facilitate fasten- 
ing this pointed bone to a handle or fish-hook. On the other hand some of 
the points made of bone, considered to have been for arrows, spears, daggers, 
fish-hooks, and barbs, may have been for awls. Some may have been used 
for several purposes. The points of some are polished by use. 
Forty-one from heap A and two from heap D are made from pieces 
of thick-walled bones, some from the metapodial bones of the deer. 
Eleven are complete. Eighteen show a joint end of the bone, which would 
form a convenient handle; ten more have the base broken away, so that 
possibly twenty-eight had this feature. Two lack both point and base, 
and twelve show only the points. Nineteen of them show signs of having 
been cut out by longitudinal grooving and breaking. One of these (Plate 
XIX, figure 16) bears incised lines, which are discussed on page 84. 
Twenty-three, the next greatest number of awls, are made of long 
bones of birds. All these are from heap A. Eleven are sharpened across 
the hollow bone to form a point (Plate XVII, figures 11, 14). Only two 
of these (figure 14) retain a joint end of the bone, which forms a convenient 
handle. The other twelve awls, made of long bones of birds, are sharpened 
pieces or splinters of such bones (figure 13). 
Twenty-three awls are made of large splint bones, probably of the 
moose. Sixteen of these are from heap A, six from heap D, and one from 
heap B. Eleven retain the joint of the bone, probably as a handle. The 
joint end of the remaining twelve is broken off and missing. This is the 
exact type of objects that, among the modern Micmacs, are lashed together 
to form the forks mentioned on page 36 (Plate XXI, figure 3). 
Six awls were made of ulnae, two of the fox, one of the raccoon, and two 
of the deer. Two of the fox-bone awls are from heap A, and that of the 
raccoon is from heap D. The joint end would serve well as a handle. Two 
made of deer ulnae are only broken points, but no doubt in these also the 
joint end served as a handle. Ulnae were also found in their unsharpened 
natural condition, and it would seem that such a natural bone could be 
made into an awl in a few moments by rubbing it into shape on a piece of 
sandstone. One of these awls, made of the ulna of a raccoon, is illustrated 
on Plate XVII, figure 16. One awl was made of a fish spine (figure 12). 
Two objects, made of copper, that may have been used as awls, have 
been considered as possibly points for arrows or barbs. The first (Plate 
