65 
VII, figure 3) may be a needle; the second (figure 4) may be a needle in 
process of manufacture. Six “piercers”, rectangular in cross-section, 
pointed at both ends, and f- inch to 1| inches long, made of native copper 
from the trap of the bay of Fundy, have been found at Backman beach 1 
(Cat. No. 75 in the Provincial Museum, Halifax). An awl made of copper 
was found at Chester Basin, Lunenburg county, and is in the Provincial 
Museum; another, square in cross-section, but pointed at both ends, was 
collected by Mr. C. H. Mills from a shell-heap at cape d’Or. 
Needles. No very fine needles were seen, but about twenty fragments 
of objects made of rather thin-walled bone, which appear to have been 
coarse needles, were found in heap A (Plate XVII, figures 17-20). Accord- 
ing to the catalogue of the Patterson collection, a needle made of bone was 
found on the Millar farm. The object made of copper, considered as 
possibly a point for an arrow, a barb, or an awl (Plate VII, figure 3), may 
have been a needle, as it has a sharp conoid point, a somewhat rectangular 
shaft, and a split base, which may be an opened-up eye. The other object 
(figure 4), considered as a point for an arrow, a barb, or an awl, may have 
been a needle in process of manufacture. 
The needle-like objects made of bone were found only in heap A, which 
was the largest, and yielded the most material. Six pieces show that 
the entire object had at least one eye, and two of them show that they were 
parts of objects with at least two perforations. These six seem surely to 
have been needles. Two of those with a single eye are pointed, as are nine of 
the twenty pieces. But all these nine points may be bases. The perfora- 
tions were not drilled, but gouged from both sides of the object, and are 
longitudinal in at least four of the six specimens showing perforations, 
and probably were also in the other two. Three of these six, including 
one with evidence of at least two perforations, were lenticular in section 
(Plate XVII, figure 18). Two (figures 17 and 19) are somewhat lath-shaped, 
with slightly rounded corners. Another — the second, with evidence of 
two perforations — (figure 20), is flatter on one side than on the other and 
has rounded edges. It may have been lenticular in section towards the 
point. Three other pieces without signs of perforations have points of 
lenticular section, making a total of six with such sections. Eleven pieces 
without eyes are lath-shaped or nearly so, making a total of thirteen pieces 
of that shape. Those of lenticular section are more delicate than the 
others. Six of the longer pieces, three of lenticular section and three of 
lath shape, one of each kind having signs of one perforation, show that 
the object was slightly curved. This may be due to the natural warping 
of the bone, but it may be intentional and of service in certain kinds of 
sewing. One lath-shaped piece (figure 17) is of a point broken off along 
one edge of a perforation and has a little knob at the point made by whit- 
tling the sides and edges towards the point. The knob may have served, 
like a crochet-hook, to hold a thread, or it may represent an unfinished 
point. The eye in the specimen having an irregular section (figure 20) 
seems to be worn at the upper end of the perforation as if the thread or 
cord was always pulled back as in knotting. All or some of these objects 
i Cf. Piers (a), p. 116; Piers (b), p. 288; Patterson (c), p. 676. 
