66 
may have been used as snowshoe needles 1 similar to those made of wood, 
antler, and copper used by the modern Micmac Indians (Plate XXI, figure 
5). No object recognized as a needle case was found. 
Manufacture of Needles. The manufacture of needles from bone is 
illustrated by a few of the specimens. There were plenty of thin-walled 
bones suitable for the manufacture of needles by incising with a flake of 
stone or a chipped point (Plate III, figures 6, 10) and breaking (Plate 
XVIII, figures 3-6). These pieces could be whittled into shape with the 
same tools or with knives made from beaver teeth (Plate XVI, figures 8-27). 
Such whittling may be seen on the point of the specimen (Plate XVII, figure 
17). They could be smoothed on whetstones (Plate XV). One (Plate XVII, 
figure 18) was not only smoothed, but appears to have been polished by 
use or handling, or both. The perforating could have been done with 
a flake of stone, or a chipped point, or with a knife made of a beaver tooth, 
especially one of those sharpened to a point (Plate XVI, figures 18, 24). 
Tools for Spinning and Weaving. No objects supposed to have 
served in spinning and weaving were found, and the only evidence of 
spinning is the occurrence of impressions of twisted cord on pottery (Plate 
XI, figures 1-12), which may have been made without the use of a whorl. 
The only evidence of woven fabric found is illustrated on Plate IX, figure 6, 
Plate X, figure 24, and Plate XI, figure 13. 
PROBLEMATICAL OBJECTS 
Several classes of objects were found, that have not been classified. 
There are four specimens apparently of similar objects. One, made of a 
curved rib bone sharpened at both ends (Plate VII, figure 9), is like a 
west coast bark peeler. On the reverse it has been cut off nearly flat 
in a way that exposes the cellular structure of the bone. A point broken 
from an object, apparently the same as this, made of a bone from a sea 
mammal, was also found in the same heap. The sides are flat and on the 
obverse the cells of bone are cut across. It is slightly curved sidewise. 
A point broken from a similar large object made of antler or close-grained 
bone of some large sea animal was found in heap M. It is about an inch 
wide by half an inch thick, with a conoid point grading into flat sides 
and edges with rounded corners. It is slightly curved, and may be a 
fragment of an object similar to the one shown in figure 9. An end frag- 
ment of an implement made of antler (figure 10) was found in heap M. 
Although part of a larger object than those above described, it may be 
of one used for the same purpose. 
A fragment of a large object of unknown use, made of whale rib (figure 
13), has one side cut off, exposing the cellular structure of the bone; the 
other side shows only the natural surface of the bone. The upper end is 
broken off diagonally; the lower has been hacked around and then broken. 
At the upper end the edges are flattened by hacking. At the lower end, 
one edge is sharp and the other rounded, like a handle. There is purplish 
red paint on the obverse of the upper end. 
1 Cf. Turner, Fig. 130. 
