72 
been broken off it could be broken through along the grooving so that each 
piece would form suitable material for a point, harpoon, or awl. Longi- 
tudinal grooving and breaking show on a fragment of charred bone found 
in the refuse of the prehistoric cemetery. Three specimens from heap D are 
grooved and broken on one edge; two others, also, one of a large bone, 
show a groove not yet broken through. Another strip of bone from heap 
D is unusual in that it is cut along the whole side edge so that the angle of 
the cut edge with the surface of the marrow canal is sharp. This cut is at a 
bevel, is irregular, and shows two main cut surfaces. One piece of a long 
bone from heap A, having one side edge cut out by grooving and breaking, 
shows many cuts in several directions, but all trending across the outer 
surface of the bone. 
Transverse incising may be seen on both sides of the blunt end of 
the piece of bone illustrated on Plate XVIII, figure 9. The bone was 
broken off along these incisions. Longitudinal chipping of the bone may 
be seen on the right edge, and the longitudinal grooving from the outside 
surface of the bone, by means of which this piece was cut out, shows on 
the reverse side of this same edge. The smooth surface on the left edge 
is apparently part of the groove by means of which the bone was nearly cut 
through, and the slight ridge at the right edge of this groove appears to be 
the part of the bone which had to be broken to complete the cutting out of 
the piece. 
Hacking around and breaking off at the weakened place were the 
processes employed in cutting off the lower end of the object made of 
whale rib, which is considered on page 19 and is illustrated on Plate VII, 
figure 13. A large rib from heap A shows two old cross hacks on the 
inside of the bone where it is broken at one end, and six cross hacks on 
the outer side of the bone at the opposite end. Besides these, several 
insignificant specimens from heap D show cutting and whittling of the 
bone. An ulna of a moose, found in heap A, was cut about one-third 
the way through diagonally across at the small end and then broken off. 
The piece of bone illustrated on Plate XVIII, figure 7, is given its 
acute point by incising about half-way through the bone from each side. 
Apparently the incisions met, and breaking was not necessarj^. The 
obverse side is smoothed by whittling, but no sign of artificial work appears 
on the reverse. The edges have been similarly incised or whittled. The 
lower end is smooth in one place, being either part of the naturally smooth 
end of the bone or a smoothed surface. 
A tip of antler, illustrated on Plate XVIII, figure 11, was partly cut 
off by repeated hacking, with such a sharp object as a flake of stone, nearly 
all the way around it and deeply over a wide area of the concave edge of the 
antler. It was then broken from the rest of the antler. The tip was also 
somewhat sharpened by whittling. 
A canine tooth of a bear with both ends broken off (Plate XVIII, 
figure 15) bears a slightly curved incised groove on one side. This side is 
somewhat chipped off and worn down. This groove may have been started 
with the intention of deepening it to cut the tooth in two. 
Incisions show across both sides of the broken root end of the piece of a 
lower incisor of a beaver, illustrated on Plate XVIII, figure 14. This 
