76 
found, some of which may be from the fires used in this process. The 
imperfectly oxidized condition of the interior and of spots on the surface 
of the ware shows that only low temperatures were used and suggests 
that open fires were employed. 
WARFARE 
Some of the objects, such as the points chipped from stone, con- 
sidered as points for arrows and knives, and points made of bon£, were 
possibly or even probably used in both warfare and hunting. Some of 
the objects considered as hammerstones (Plate XIV, figures 5, 6) may have 
been enclosed in skin and used as heads for war clubs. Clubs were not 
found, unless the fragnent of the large object considered on page 19 
(Plate VII, figure 13) is part of one. Possibly some of the celts made of 
stone, especially the grooved celt (Plate XIII, figure 3), were hafted as 
battle axes. The notched hammer made of stone (Plate XIV, figure 9) 
may have served as a head for a war club. Even some of the wedges made 
of antler may have been used as battle axes. Some of the objects made of 
bone and considered as awls on page 64 may have been used as points for 
arrows or as daggers. 
The location of the camps on islands may have been as a protection 
from attack, for in such places an approaching war party would have no 
screen except darkness or fog, and might even be obliged to construct 
canoes on the mainland nearby, where they might be discovered. The 
“earthwork” near Barney river may be artificial, of the same time and 
culture as the shell-heaps of the harbour, and may have been used for defence. 
DRESS AND ADORNMENT 
Very little evidence relating to clothing materials, toilet articles, and 
personal ornaments was found. Materials suitable for red and black 
paint were collected. No combs were found, but some of the objects 
considered as awls may have been used as hair pins. Only a few pendants 
made of canine teeth of the bear and an incisor of the moose can be con- 
sidered as personal ornaments, and no gorgets made of stone or beads 
made of any material were found. Some of the pin-shaped objects made 
of bone and considered as awls on page 64 may have been nose ornaments, 
especially the ornamented specimens seen on Plate XIX, figures 16, 17. 
No evidence of ear ornaments was found, unless we consider as such the 
objects made of bone and teeth mentioned on page 68. No necklaces, cut 
animal skulls, bracelets, rings, or ornaments made of metal were found, 
unless these same bone objects may have been fastened together to form 
necklaces. 
Paint. Painting of the face and body is suggested by eight specimens 
which would produce paint; three being of rubbed ferruginous argillite, 
soft enough to mark paper, each producing a different shade of reddish 
brown. One, a pebble, has two parts of the edge ground, probably to 
reduce it to powder for paint (Plate XIX, figure 1). Another piece of 
the material has one end ground (figure 2). A third piece is rubbed on 
one side and an edge (figure 3). A fragment of hematite found in heap 
