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animals, though historically known in the province, are now extinct in the 
vicinity. Nothing was found to indicate the use of wild plant food, nor 
any evidence of agriculture, such as specimens of corn or beans. Stone, 
copper, clay, bones, antler, teeth, walrus ivory, and vegetable substances 
were used as material for weapons, tools, and other manufactures; but 
nothing made of shell was found. Among objects used in securing food 
by hunting and fishing, were many projectile points of chipped stone and 
shaped bone; also barbed harpoon points of bone. One object, thought to 
be a point of an arrow, is made from a shark's tooth. No certain evidence 
of fish-hooks or any evidence of nets was found. The many fragments of 
pottery show that the people of the sites were not exceptionally proficient 
in its manufacture. Most of the pots were apparently rounded at the 
bottom, but a few were conoid. The lips were usually straight; but some 
were slightly outcurved. No pieces had handles or lugs. The pottery 
belongs to the middle and north Atlantic Slope group, and differs from that 
of the Iroquois group to the west. It was decorated in various ways, 
especially with impressed designs and roulette marks. Three fragments 
are impressed with what appears to be woven porcupine quills or moose 
hair, but none bears sculpture. Mortars are not represented, unless 
shallow objects like great whetstones are such; and no pestles were found. 
Among tools supposed to have been used by men are many crude 
celts of stone. No gouges of any kind were found, although they are 
about half as common as celts in collections from Nova Scotia as a whole. 
No grooved axes made of stone were found, although at least eleven have 
been found in the province. Several wedges are made of whale-rib bone and 
of antler. A few hammerstones are merely battered pebbles, none being 
pitted. Whetstones were mere sandstone fragments and pebbles; some 
were used as plow grinders and a few had one or two offsets on one edge. 
Beaver teeth, artificially sharpened, supposed to have been used for knife 
points, were common. A few were trimmed. A very few similar objects 
were made from woodchuck teeth. Knives were chipped out of stone. 
No drills were found. Among tools thought to have been employed 
by women are scrapers chipped from stone, many awls made of bone, and a 
few needles made of the same material. The methods of manufacture 
include rubbing or grinding, polishing, breaking, cutting, cutting and break- 
ing, perforating, punching, chipping, flaking, pecking, modelling, impres- 
sing, twisting, knitting, weaving, painting, and firing. 
The numerous sites on islands may have been for protection from 
an approaching enemy. If the people were fond of personal adornment, 
all evidence of it has disappeared except five pendants made of teeth; 
for no beads of stone, pottery, shell, or bone were found; nor any pendants 
of stone or shell; nor ornaments of stone or shell perforated for suspension. 
Only two pipes, those in the Patterson collection, are known to have been 
found. 
The people decorated a few of the things they made, especially by 
incising, notching, pitting, and impressing, but not by modelling or sculp- 
turing; and the form of some of the pottery dishes was aesthetic. They 
made chiefly geometric designs, some of which may be representative 
or conventional, but no definite realistic representations were found. 
The nearest known pictographs in the province are over 150 miles away. 
