91 
cross-section are not found, although reported, without details as to mode 
of occurrence, from the eastern shore of Nova Scotia. There are absent 
also gouges, though about half as numerous as celts elsewhere in the 
province; grooved axes, though they have been found in Nova Scotia; 
plummets, though thirteen have been found in Nova Scotia; beads made 
of copper, though they have been found in Lunenburg county; stone 
tubes ground out of slate, though two have been found in Halifax county 
(whether from shell-heaps, graves, or on the surface, these tubes differ 
from the ordinary tubular pipe in that the bore is large and uniform through- 
out the length, except at one end where it abruptly narrows to a much 
smaller size); gorgets made of stone, though they have been found in Nova 
Scotia. 
These differences may be due to differences of tribe, of local culture, 
or merely of occupation in different places. For instance, the prehistoric 
people of Merigomish harbour may have used some different tools when 
back in the interior of the province from those they used on the harbour. 
The Micmac Indians occupied Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, 
Gaspe peninsula, and all of New Brunswick except the valley of St. John 
river. They are more closely related to the Algonkian tribes sometimes 
referred to as the Abnaki group, comprising the Malecite, Passamaquoddy, 
Abnaki, and Penobscot, who together occupied the area to the west, 
from the St. John valley to the western boundary of Maine, than to those 
of southern New England 1 . The languages also of the Abnaki tribes 
were more closely related to the Micmac than to the tribes to the south. 
The prehistoric culture of this harbour clearly forms a part of that 
of the whole area roughly including Gaspe, the Maritime Provinces, and 
Maine, which is different from that of the adjacent part of New England 2 . 
The village sites are less abundant than in the adjacent area, particularly 
its southern and western part where the sites are semi-permanent. Appar- 
ently the village sites of the northern area are without the cache-pits for 
the storage of grain and other foods usual at the more southern sites. 
East of Penobscot valley they show few traces of defensive works; thereby 
contrasting with the villages of the adjacent area, which are sometimes 
associated with defensive works and crude enclosures. 
The shell-heaps are confined to the coast. They are not infrequently 
large and very numerous, especially in Maine and the adjacent part of 
New Brunswick, as at St. Andrews. In them are found a few artifacts 
of stone and bone, and fragments of pottery, but a larger proportion of 
objects made of stone is found in these heaps than in those to the south. 
The stone objects increase in number to the north and east. In the 
southern region they are relatively few, and are mostly points for arrows; 
celts and gouges are rare and grooved axes are practically absent in the 
heaps, though found in considerable numbers in collections of miscellaneous 
and surface finds. Objects made of shell are absent at Merigomish, 
though found in heaps to the south. Fragments of pottery are apparently 
more numerous and increase towards the north and east. Though still 
1 Cf. Dixon, p. 8. 
* Idem, pp. 4-7. 
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