92 
indicating a coarse, heavy type of vessel, they show, towards the east, 
a different form of base, rounded rather than conical; the prevalence of 
an outcurved lip becomes more notable. In the area to the south they 
have a conoid base and a straight lip. Decoration also is somewhat differ- 
ent. The textile and cord impressions are much less common, stamped 
designs more common. Incised lines occur on the southern ware and 
punch marks on both. Some form of lug on the pots is not uncommon, 
though not found on Mergomish harbour; but it is rare or lacking in the 
area to the south. Plummets, abundant in Maine, are less common 
in the Maritime Provinces, there being only thirteen known from Nova 
Scotia and none from Merigomish harbour. 
The graves are of two kinds. The more common are substantially 
like those of the area to the south, with bodies normally flexed. Objects 
are found in the graves towards the east, but commonly not in those in 
the southern area. Small knives and awls of hammered copper are found 
in the graves in Nova Scotia; but no ornaments of metal have been found 
in them. In some cases, in the southern area, copper ornaments such as 
cylindrical beads, gorgets, etc., occur, and shell beads rarely, in graves 
antedating European contact. The other kind of grave, which has only 
been recorded from the region of the lower Penobscot valley, is characterized 
by the abundance of red ochre in the graves, the complete or almost com- 
plete disappearance of the bones, and the fact that the objects found often 
lie on large heaps of the ochre. The objects differ from those found in the 
more common graves in that they are always made of stone, include practi- 
cally only celts or ungrooved axes and adzes, gouges, and peculiar, long, 
slender, bayonet-shaped points, usually of hexagonal cross-section, which 
are never found in the more common graves or in the shell-heaps, although 
reported, without details as to mode of occurrence, from New Brunswick 
and the eastern shore of Nova Scotia, and seemingly associated with 
Beothuk remains at several sites in Newfoundland. 
The surface finds indicate that gouges found in both areas, and the 
mortar and pestle found in the southern area, are almost completely 
absent, that grooved axes are scarce, although found in considerable 
numbers in the southern area, but practically absent from the shell-heaps, 
and that gorgets made of stone, banner-stones, and problematical forms, 
which occur sporadically in the area to the south, are scarce. Pipes are rare, 
although found in the southern area. The two peculiar stone tubes said 
to have been found in Halifax county, Nova Scotia, are unknown in New 
England except from the extreme northwestern part of Vermont, but 
are found in various parts of Ontario and in Ohio. 
In the area to which Merigomish harbour belongs, in contrast with 
the area to the south, there is little evidence of permanent village life. 
In the former area little agriculture seems to have been practised, whereas 
in the latter a considerable degree of agricultural activity is evidenced by 
pestles and cache-pits. A limited use of the grooved ax, little trace of 
undoubted defensive works, little use of gorgets, no use of banner-stones or 
problematical forms in stone, the presence of long, bayonet-shaped points 
ground out of slate, and the possible presence of peculiar stone tubes, 
differentiate the former area from the latter. 
