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stemmed rather than a shouldered form. Figure 8 represents the only 
perfect stemmed point found here. It is symmetric, shouldered but not 
barbed, with convex base, and is chipped from fine-grained, light brown 
quartzite. The slightly asymmetric point with the tip missing, chipped 
from jasper, seen in figure 9, has small, sharp barbs and a straight base. 
That in figure 10, also with the tip missing and a straight base, has long 
barbs and is chipped from dark grey siliceous slate. The notching of 
the imperfect symmetric point, chipped from light brown quartzite (figure 
11), is very neatly done. These imperfect points may all have been broken 
in the making. The point in figure 12, chipped from grey chert, was broken 
and refashioned. The rechipping produced a straight chisel edge, however, 
rather than a pointed tip. None of the points has serrated or bevelled 
edges. 
Manufacture of Points Chipped from Stone. The manufacture of 
points for arrows and knives is illustrated on Plate XXIV. Figures 1 
to 10 illustrate progressive steps in manufacture. Figure 1 represents 
a quartz pebble on which chipping was commenced at one end, probably 
by striking it with or on another stone. In figure 2 two long pieces are 
broken off one side of the pebble. Figure 3 illustrates further advance. 
Figure 4 shows a large fragment retaining the waterworn outer surface 
of the pebble on one side, whereas the other side shows both primary and 
secondary chipping. Figure 5 shows the chipped face of another fragment. 
The specimen illustrated in figure 6 is a crude, thick, somewhat orbicular, 
roughed-out form, and may have been a reject, the chipping having pro- 
ceeded far enough to show that further work was useless. Figure 7 repre- 
sents a thick, leaf-shaped form, retaining part of the original waterworn 
surface of the pebble at one end, on which chipping has progressed far 
enough to suggest the ultimate form. The progression is still further 
apparent in figures 8, 9, and 10, culminating in more or less crude leaf- 
shaped specimens, like that on Plate XXIII, figure 5, These required 
very little elaboration to transform them into points for arrows, but they 
may have been knives. 
A diminutive, symmetrical, leaf-shaped form chipped from quartz (Plate 
XXIV, figure 11) is introduced here on account of its small size. It was 
probably rejected because it was too thick to be shaped into a point for 
an arrow. Figure 12 shows a crude, leaf-shaped form, possibly a reject, 
chipped from grey chert, and the profile in figure 13 shows its asymmetry. 
Bone Points for Arrows and Spears. Only two specimens made of 
bone were found which can be considered as points for arrows. The flatten- 
ed bone point, with tip missing (Plate XXIII, figure 13), was possibly 
fastened to the arrow shaft in the manner shown in figure 14, one edge 
being inserted into a narrow, longitudinal groove in the shaft and lashed 
in place with a thong or sinew, the pointed end of the broader part in that 
case projecting from the side as a barb. A slender, simple point, retaining 
the natural medullary hollow on one side (figure 15), may have been in- 
serted into a hole at the end of the arrow or spear shaft. A few of the 
pointed pieces of bone considered under awls, especially the specimens 
illustrated on Plate XXXI, figures 15, 17, may have been points for arrows 
or spears. 
