16 
After June 20, morning temperatures were between 45 and 50 degrees 
and slightly higher some days. The highest temperature in June was on 
the 27th, 60 degrees at eight in the morning. The mid-day temperatures 
average about 5 degrees higher. Insects were countless by latter part of 
June. Butterflies of several species, bumblebees, spiders, several species 
of gnats, flies, and mosquitoes were common. 
The end of June was characterized by rapidly melting snow, nesting 
activities of the birds, and the quick development of vegetation. Grasses, 
in particular, made fast headway in moist depressions. Actual bloom was 
not particularly noteworthy until early July. On June 28 the white 
heather, Cassiope tetragona, began sparingly to bloom. On June 30 the 
mountain avens, Dry as integrifolia, and the Arctic blueberry, V actinium 
uliginosum, suddenly burst into bloom. The Arctic Labrador tea, Ledum 
palustre, was just on the point of bloom on June 30. 
The last snowstorm of the season occurred on June 17 and the first 
rain the following day. Very thin ice continued to form in the tundra 
pools at midnight until June 25. This feature continued in the open water 
of Nettilling lake off and on throughout July. After June 24 a period of 
fine, sunny weather set in which persisted until the middle of July. Floral 
development, and the decay of the ice in Nettilling lake were now very 
rapid. The smaller lakes were mostly free of ice by the latter date. The 
ice on Nettilling was safe for travelling (though badly honey-combed) 
until early July. By June 20 about three-quarters of the country was 
free of snow. Takuirbing river began noticeably to swell in volume about 
the middle of June and by the last of the month was a torrent at its maxi- 
mum volume, which it maintained until far into July. During this period 
Nettilling lake rose feet. 
Caribou were frequently seen, and short hunts almost any time were 
usually attended by success. The camp was never without fresh meat 
after early May. Long after sledging was done on the land, the ice on 
Nettilling lake was still available for travel. Probably the ice never 
leaves Nettilling before mid-July. 
The temperature during July was fairly uniform, mornings registering 
from 50 to 60 degrees and at mid-day, 10 to 14 degrees higher. The 
average temperature at 8 a.m. was 52 degrees. 
The Lapland rose-bay, Rhodode?idron lapponicum , reached the zenith 
of its beauty and abundance in late July and early August. A few other 
common flowering plants at this time were: the fireflower, Epilobium 
latifolium; Arctic Labrador tea, Ledum palustre; white heather, Cassiope 
tetragona; Arctic cranberry, Vaccinium vitisidaea; Arctic poppy, Papaver 
nudicaule; shinleaf, Pyrola grandijlora, and the Arctic hearberry, Arctosta- 
phylos alpina. 
In early August the main body of Nettilling lake was still filled with 
ice as far as the eye could see. The smaller lakes were rapidly opening, 
and it was possible to travel by canoe on an arm of Nettilling lake which 
extends to the north. It is connected with Nettilling by three very narrow 
channels. Old camp sites of the Eskimo were seen in many places. In 
recent years the Eskimo seldom come to Nettilling lake. They obtain 
sufficient caribou skins by hunting in Talirpia to the west of Cumberland 
sound, in Saumia to the east, and about Nettilling fiord and Kingua. No 
Eskimo were on the lake in the summer of 1925. Two families from cape 
