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far after reaching their winter ranges, unless much disturbed by hunters, 
or possibly, by wolves. In Kingnait pass, on March 6 and 7, herds of 
about one hundred caribou were seen. Some of the animals were very 
unsuspicious and allowed the dog-teams to approach within 60 yards. 
The region appeared to be a favourite for winter grazing. 
Cumberland Sound Eskimo state that a limited number of caribou 
are to be found, both winter and summer, in the highlands of Saumia, 
Kingua, and Talirpia. Occasionally, they say, fawns are born within a 
short distance of the sea. 
In April, 1925, John Hayward reported seeing about one hundred 
caribou inland some 20 miles west of Pangnirtung fiord. They do not 
inhabit that district in summer. 
On the journey to Nettilling lake in late April, 1925, two or three 
trails were crossed north of Nauyarping, but no other signs of caribou were 
seen until the Sarbukdjuak tide-rip, in Nettilling fiord, was passed. Several 
fresh trails were encountered on May 4 at Kangia, at the west end of 
Nettilling fiord. On May 5, a band of seven were seen on Amittok lake 
and numerous fresh trails were noted farther west. From May 5, until 
August 18, while camped on the bank of Takuirbing river at Nettilling 
lake, caribou were observed at frequent intervals and fresh meat was 
always easily procurable. 
According to the Eskimo, the numerous islands in the eastern part of 
Nettilling lake are by far the best district for caribou in late summer and 
early autumn. By all accounts, the caribou by late August become 
decidedly more numerous in this district and along the north shore of the 
lake. They are then slowly moving eastward toward the mountain 
valleys and the sea. This is an annual local migration. 
The voyage on Nettilling lake commenced August 18. Numerous 
caribou were observed on the islands, and several were shot. With one 
exception, all the caribou observed in the eastern end of Nettilling lake 
were bulls — the one exception was a barren cow. Evidently females and 
calves, as a general rule, do not resort to this district during summer. The 
Eskimo assert this to be the case, that only pugnacious male caribou are 
to be met. Hantzsch had the same experience. 
The first females, three cows, each with a calf, to be seen, were found 
on August 25 on the rolling tundra between the south end of the lake and 
Pingualuik. They did not display the hesitating curiosity of the bulls, 
but after one earnest glance, fled wildly away with their calves, not stopping 
until lost to view over a low ridge. A cow and calf were taken the following 
day near the mouth of Amadjuak river. During the several days spent 
in this locality very few caribou were observed. According to the Eskimo, 
this district formerly was a famous hunting ground, with large herds and 
calves in abundance. 
In late August, 1925, while cruising along the west coast of Nettilling 
lake, caribou in small numbers were seen almost daily. Bulls and cows 
were in about equal numbers, and accompanied by a small number of 
calves. Nothing resembling a herd was seen and it was thought that the 
common use, by former writers, of the term, herd, had been an exaggeration. 
At Koukjuak river, in early September, caribou, among them fawns, were 
observed on the tundra, but were never numerous. On the return journey 
along the southern coast of Nettilling lake, caribou were only sparingly 
observed. On the journey from the lake to Nettilling fiord between 
