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3. Gavia stellata (Pontoppidan). red-throated loon. 
Eskimo; Kokson; Kaksau, -saut, saut, according to Hantzsch. 
This species is generally regarded as being the common diver on the 
east side of the Canadian Arctic archipelago and on west Greenland. 
On the 1923 Canadian Arctic Expedition, only one example was posi- 
tively identified, and it was seen close to shore at Godhaven, Greenland, 
July 30. 
In 1924 the first specimen was secured October 12 from an Eskimo 
at Nunatuk at the entrance to Issortukdjuak fiord. At Nettilling lake in 
1925, specimens were collected on July 3 and 13. After these dates, the 
bird w T as not again seen in the interior where, therefore, it appears to be 
comparatively rare. 
A mated pair were seen at cape Dorset on June 15, 1925. In late June 
the species was frequently seen among Fox islands in Gordon bay. 
A set of eggs was obtained from Eskimo at cape Dorset on July 15. The 
eggs were considerably incubated, but the embryos had not yet taken 
any definite form. 
Kumlien (1879, p. 103) recorded the species as being very common in 
Cumberland sound, where it begins nesting, he says, in the latter part of 
June. Low (1906, p. 314) mentions it as common along the shores and 
islands of Hudson bay and strait and as occurring in all the northern waters. 
Hantzsch (1914, pp. 164-165) observed the species frequently in June, 
at the eastern end of Nettilling lake, and saw the first specimen at Amittok 
lake. In July, at Tikerakdjuak, on the south side of Nettilling lake, he 
considered it the most common of the large birds and found it breeding 
on the large ponds. At the end of August this loon was rather frequently 
seen by him on Koukjuak river. 
Two examples of this species were taken by Burwash at cape Dorset 
in the summer of 1924. The MacMillan expedition collected three speci- 
mens and eggs, in the region of Bowdoin harbour. 
4. Fratercula arctica (Linnaeus), puffin. 
This species is abundant in the gulf of St. Lawrence, and northward to 
Hudson strait, but according to Kumlien (1879, p. 103) is not known to 
the Cumberland Eskimo. 
5. Cepphus mandti (Mandt). mandt guillemot. 
Eskimo : Pitshulak; Pitsiidak , - lak , -lat, according to Hantzsch. 
On the 1923 Canadian Arctic Expedition guillemots were observed 
along the Labrador coast on July 19 and 20. They were not again observed 
until August 6, when two were seen in Smith land. Several were collected 
at Etah, North Greenland, two days later. The bird was not again 
observed until August 17, when six were seen in Erebus bay, Beecliey 
island. These were the last met with during the voyage. 
In 1924 they were first seen off the Labrador coast, in about latitude 
57 degrees north. They were very sparingly observed off Frobisher bay 
and the entrance to Cumberland sound, between July 20 and 24. Through- 
out the summer considerable numbers were observed in Cumberland 
sound. Adults were seen carrying food to young in a cliff in Issortukdjuak 
fiord on July 30. They were observed more or less regularly until early 
October about Cumberland sound. A small number frequent the open 
tide-rips in the sound throughout the winter. 
