Vlll 
after discussed come. Tlie only question which might arise would be the disposi- 
tion of the forms placed under the Coecina;. an unsatisfactory group at best as 
now arranged. 
TABLE FOR DETERMINATION OF SUBFAMILIES. 
A. Caudal portion of abdomen of female terminating in chitinized compound seg- 
ment, the pygidium. Anal orifice without setiferous ring. 
1. Adult female without limbs. Insects possessing distinct scale covering 
composed of exuviie and secretions. Diaspime. 
AA. Pygidium wanting in the female. Female insects naked, or covered with 
shields of waxy, chitinous or cottony secretions. 
B. Setiferous ring around anal orifice. 
1. Caudal extremity cleft; a pair of triangular hinged plates extends over 
anal orifice; triangular plates often setiferous. Limbs in adult fe- 
male generally functionless. Body of female naked. Lecaniinse. 
2. Caudal extremity not cleft. Limbs functional throughout life. Body 
of female protected by cottony secretion, sometimes arranged in tufts. 
Ortheziina!. 
BB. Setiferous anal ring wanting. 
1. Abdomen of female terminating, in all stages, in prominent processes. 
Body of female shielded by cottony, or felted secretion. Coccinae. 
2. Abdomen of larval stage, only, terminating in marked prominences. 
Females naked or shielded by waxy secretion. Hemicoccinoe. 
DIASPINAE. 
The subfamily, Diaspinae, the armored scales, have a separate protecting scale, 
covering the body and composed partly of the exuviae and partly of secreted 
matter. The female scale is approximately circular; the male scales arc generally 
elongate. The life history of the genus Aspidiotus will illustrate in general the 
life cycle of this group. , 
The members of this genus in this latitude spend the winter as almost fully 
developed insects. With the warmth of spring, about the first of May, maturity is 
attained, the males emerge from under their elongate scales and seek their mates. 
The eggs, in the oviparious species, are deposited beneath the scale of the female, 
to remain there until hatched. The most notable viviparious species is the 
San Jos6 scale. The oblong larva; have six well-developed legs and a pair of 
feelers or antennee. The sexes, at this stage, are similar. The larva; (Plate V, 
fig. 23) creep about in quest of suitable places to locate upon the host plant. They 
insert their long, filamentary sucking-tubes into the tissues of the plant. In the 
positions chosen the females remain for life, since they early shed their larval skin, 
and with the skins, the feet, antenna', and eyes. Even before this a waxy secre- 
tion appears upon the back. At this first moult the larval skin splits around the 
lateral margins, separating the dorsal and ventral halves of the insect; with the 
ventral half go the sheaths of the antenna; and limbs. The insect grows rapidly, 
and covers its increased size by wa.xy filamentary secretion, added around 
the margin of the dorsal larval exuvia'. At the second and last moult the 
skin splits as before. This covering now becomes more chitinous, and still 
serves as piotcction for the insect. As the female increases somewhat in 
size after this time, the additional covering necessary is provided for again 
by marginal additions of the filamentary secretion from sjieeial dorsal organs 
for that purpose. The male scale is generally more elongate, and under it the 
male passes through complete nietamorphosis. While the scale shows but one 
