GLOSSARY. 
Abdomen — The part of the insect posterior to the thorax. 
Anal lobes or plates — A pair of small triangular hinged processes forming a valve 
covering the anal orifice in the Lecaniinse. 
Anal orifice — The external opening of the intestine visible as a circular opening 
in the central part of the pygidium. 
Anal ring — A chitinous ring around the anal orifice. 
Anal tubercles — A pair of rounded or conical processes found one on each side of 
the anal orifice in the larva of Hemicoecina:. 
Antennic — A pair of jointed sensory organs used as feelers, found on the head. 
Appendages — Ovitgiowths from the body or any part of the body; used as a gen- 
eral term for mouth-parts, antenna;, legs and wings, or processes on the 
tarsi called digitules. 
Apterous — Wingless. 
Balancers — (See halteres). 
Carina — A keel or ridge. 
Carinated — Having a keel or ridge. 
Caudad — Towards the caudal or posterior part of the body. 
Caudal — Pertaining to the posterior extremity. 
Cephalic — Pertaining to the anterior or head end of the body. 
Cephalad — Towards the head. 
Chitin — A hard, tough, horny substance found in the skin and hard parts of 
insects. 
Circumgenital glands — (Also called grouped glands, ventral glands and spin- 
nerets). Small circular glands arranged round the genital orifice in groups 
resembling bunches of grapes. 
Compressed — Flattened laterally. 
Coxa — Basal joint of the leg. 
Cuticle — Thin outer skin. 
Depressed — Flattened from above. 
Digitules — Appendages often found on the feet of coccidw. Found in Lecanium 
as knobbed hairs. 
Dorsad — Towards the back. 
Dorsal — Pertaining to the back of the insect. 
Dorsal scale — The part of the scale rvhich covers insects belonging to the Diaspinse. 
Eedysis — The moult or change of skin. 
Exuvise — The cast-dlT skins, forming part of the dorsal scale. 
hemur — The third joint of the leg, between the trochanter and the tibia, but for 
measuring juirposes the trochanter and femur being fused together are con- 
sidered as one piece. 
Fi 1 i form — Thread-sha pcd. 
Grouped glands — (See circiungenital glands). 
Halteres, also called balancers — A pair of small organs replacing the hind wings 
in the males of Coccida'. They have a strap-shaped basal part with one or 
more stout hooked bristles on the end. 
Honey-dew — A sticky substance secreted by Coccidie and some other Homoptera. 
Incisions — Marginal slits or notches. 
Latcrad — Towards the side, away from the median line. 
Larva, larval stages — Stages of the insect up to the pupa, in Diaspiiife to the 
second moult. 
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