7 
i short, high front vowel, as in English pm, varying all the way to 
the type of French fini. 
i long, high front vowel, as in German ihn, French rive. 
k unvoiced velar stop, as in English kill, cow, but usually unaspirated, 
as in English skill, French coup. Within the word after a vowel 
it is often voiced, hence like the initial of English go. 
m voiced bilabial nasal, as in English man. 
n voiced postdental nasal, as in French nid. 
0 long, mid back vowel, rounded, as in German so, French chose; it 
varies all the way to a high vowel, as in German tut, French 
rouge. 
p unvoiced bilabial stop, as in English spin, French patte. 
s unvoiced sibilant, varying all the way from the normal sibilant as 
in English see, to the abnormal, as in English she. 
t unvoiced postdental stop, as in French tout. 
ts affricate of unvoiced postdental stop plus sibilant, varying all the 
way from the final of English oats to the sound in English church. 
u short, high back vowel, rounded, varying all the way from that in 
English put to that in French coupe. 
w unsyllabic u, as in English well. 
y unsyllabic i, as in English yes. 
' (superior comma) glottal stop, only in the word dha^ : yes. 
