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nohkum, ” itwdw ; “ ‘ wdpahkih kita-pd-pitsiw^ kohtdwlnaw ndhkum mlnah. 
kahkiyaw aylsiyiniwak ta-pd-pitsiwakj ’ dh-itwdt ni^m k-dsdsimdnisiWf ” 
itdw dhtdwiya. 
dkusi idpwd miywdyihtam aw dkimdw, d-niuhkdmuyit awdsisah. 
“ kitawdsimisiwdwak kd-k%h~wanihdydkuk kinitawdyimikuwdwah, dh- 
mlsihtdtsik, ” itwdw. 
tdpwd klksdpd kahkiyaw pitsiwak, awa kwtak min dkimdw. tdpwd 
mitunih dw-utakusiniyik taku-pitsiwak. ntsawdts ay-dpihtaw ayawak dhi 
wiydsah. 
“ kutak aw ukimdw nama ndniaw kik-dtuhtdndwdw. namuya klkiwdhk 
kak-dsi-klwdndwdw. otah kik-dydndwdw klkindhk. niya ndhkum dskaw 
mkihk nik-dpin, dskaw kistdsinaw wlkiwdhk. dkusi kika-tdtdndnaw, ” 
itwdw. 
dkwah pdyak mustus utakisiyah d-kl-pdsahkik, dyakunih ntawi-miydw 
dhkumah. 
“ ndhku, kanawdyiht dhi. dkdya mhkdts utinah, ” itwdw. 
dkwah kiyipa atih-kitdnawdwak. 
dmis itwdw ndha kutak ukimdw ; — dh-utdkusiniyik pdh-tah-tahkis- 
kamwdn ulkiwdw matsihkiwis : “ dkwah mina kimdtawdndnaw, nd-mitanaw 
kit-dhtasihk, ” itwdw dwak ana ukimdw. 
dhtdwiya tapahtiskwdyiyiwa. 
dkusi, “ tdnisi, nistdsd, dy-isi-mdtawdhk f ” 
“ ha, ni^m, miskwamlhk dh-mdtawdhk. dkusi mdna kdhtdwiyinaw 
pikuh d-nd-nakdhtwdt,^ ” itdw. 
“ hah, nistdsd, tahtwaw kd-mdtawdhk, ia-ndh-nlsindniwiw, ” itwdw 
awa kd-klh-mlsihtdt. 
“ ‘ kitah-nd-nlsindniwiw, ’ itwdw ni^m, ” itdw dhi. 
dkw d-wdpaniyik, ituhtdwak. dkwah awa k-dsdsimdnisiw ituhtdw. 
pdti aydndndw-mitanaw mdmawuw ihtasiwak wiyawdw awa dh-dstwdtutsik. 
^ A preverb particle, such as pah : “hither'’ is freely added to any verb, e.g. pdh- 
Uuhiav) : “he walks hither." An initial stem, such as pa- : “hither," is never added to a 
word, but appears only before non-itial elements, as in papahtdw : “he runs hither," 
where -paktd- : “run" is an element that never occurs in word-initial. Thus, 
particle: initial stem: 
papdh j^pam- : “around, about," 
isih it- : “thither, thus," 
uhtsih, oh uht- : “thence, therefore,” 
and many others. 
There is overlapping of two kinds. In central Algonquian certain initial and non- 
initial stems are alike (except for the difference implied by these names), e.g. Cree pUsi- 
and -pitsi- : “move camp,’’ whence pHh-pitsiw and pdpitsiw : “he moves camp hither,” 
probably with some difference of meaning. 
The other kind of overlapping is peculiar to Cree, and probably due -to phonetic 
alterations which shifted the boundary between t (which occurs at the end of many initial 
stems) and /s (which occurs as the penult of many particles). Thus pdlsdstam- : “facing 
hither," as, e.g. in patsastamuhtdw : “he walks facing hither” looks as though it contained 
a preverb particle *pdlsih : “hither,” which otherwise is unknown in Plains Cree, or else 
an initial stem pdts-, a form unparalleled in Cree and in the related languages. The initial 
stem here was really ; Cree pdlsdstam- is a phonetic or analomc modification of 
*pdtdstam-, cf. Menommi plta’namdhnew : “he walks facing hither. ’ Similarly Cree 
misatim : “horse" for *mistastim (or *mists-astim, or *mis-astim). Cf. Introduction. 
* Freely formed secondary derivative nakdhlwdw : “he stops people," from a freely 
formable *nakdhdw, *nakdhtdw ; “he stops him, it"; cf, sdkuhdw. sdkuhidw : “he over- 
comes him, it," and sdkuhtwdw : “he overcomes people." Yet tne actual translation is 
a guess. 
