28 
THE KOOTENAY AND LOWER BLAIRMORE FLORAS 
By Edward W. Berry , Johns Hopkins University 
CONTENTS 
Page 
Introduction 28 
The Kootenay flora 28 
The Lower Blairmore flora 31 
Systematic description of the floras 34 
Illustrations 
Plates IV-VIII. Illustrations of fossils 
115-123 
INTRODUCTION 
The present study is based upon materials collected by Mr. F. H. 
McLearn in the course of geological work in the Crowsnest Pass region of 
Alberta, and the writer wishes to record his obligation to Mr. McLearn for 
information on several points in connexion with the study of the collections. 
All of the material comes from two formations, the Kootenay and the 
Blairmore, and it represents three palseobotanical horizons, namely that of 
the true Kootenay, that of the Lower Blairmore, and that of the Upper 
Blairmore. The first two are so similar in composition and the last is so 
different that for purposes of presentation the writer has considered the 
Kootenay and Lower Blairmore floras together in the present contribution, 
and has made the Upper Blairmore the subject of an independent paper 
which follows the present one. 
THE KOOTENAY FLORA 
The Kootenay was first recognized by the late George M. Dawson in 
1884 in the Rocky Mountain region of Alberta, and the plants collected 
were described by the late Sir William Dawson in 1885. The region of 
Kootenay pass may be considered as the type locality, but early collections 
were also made from the Crowsnest Pass region. Subsequent contribu- 
tions to our knowledge of the Kootenay flora were made by Dawson, 
Newberry, Fontaine, and Knowlton, the three last on material of this age 
from Montana. Ward 1 gave an elaborate account of the history of the 
study of the Kootenay in 1895, and this was accompanied by a very much 
undigested list of the known plants, which at that time numbered 77 species. 
The present writer discussed this flora in 1911 and gave a list of 92 species, 
which, although a number of doubtful forms had been reduced to synonymy, 
still contained many redundancies. 
i Wnrd, L. F.r U.S. Geol. Surv., Mon. 48, pp. 277-284 (1905). 
