29 
Both Fontaine and Dawson were prone to found new species upon 
very insufficient material, and the large fern fronds that make up such a 
considerable element oh the Kootenay flora are not only variable, but 
fragments from different parts of such fronds are notably different, and as 
much of the collected material is itself very fragmentary, single fronds 
in this condition have frequently been the basis for several species. My 
list 1 of 1911 comprised 1 lycopod, 2 equisetums, 34 ferns, 19 cycadophytes, 
25 coniferophytes, and 1 supposed monocotyledon, a Cyperites which 
really represents a parallel veined gymnosperm — either Czekanowskia or 
Podozamites. 
The present collections from the Crowsnest Pass region do not add 
materially to our knowledge of the Kootenay flora. The rocks of this 
region, particularly the carbonaceous shales, are much deformed, and the 
specimens are, consequently, very fragmentary and small, and it is often 
almost impossible to decide on the relationship of some of the fragments 
of fern fronds. 
The total number of species identified in the collections studied is 
only 18, and these represent 7 ferns, 4 cycadophytes, and 7 coniferophytes. 
All except a cycadophyte scale (Cycadolepis) are previously described 
forms. 
It is not especially profitable to attempt an analysis of the botanical 
character of the Kootenay flora at this time. The future undoubtedly 
holds much additional information regarding it, and until what is already 
known is revised in a monographic way, much uncertainty attaches to 
many of its components. This flora, as at present known, contains no 
representatives of the flowering plants (Angiospermophyta), but it would 
not be at all surprising if some traces of them would eventually be dis- 
covered, since general conditions point to their existence at this time in 
drier, perhaps upland environments, the Kootenay environment being 
moist, lowland, and largely palustrine. 
As regards the collections studied in the preparation of the present 
report, they comprise seven different widespread ferns, four representa- 
tives of the cycadophyte phylum, and seven representatives of the eoni- 
ferophyte phylum. The most characteristic and abundant species are 
Onychiopsis psilotoides , Oleandra graminaefolia, Cladophlebis montanensis , 
Cladophlebis heterophylla, Pterophyllum acutipennis, Podozamites lanceo - 
latus, and Ginkgo arctica. The Podozamites is not of especially good 
botanical standing and of the others all but the Oleandra and Cladophlebis 
heterophylla occur also in the Lower Blairmore. Fortunately both of 
these are characteristic, and for the present these two and the absence of 
dicotyledonous leaves are the best field guides for recognizing the Koot- 
enay. 
Other less common forms which differentiate the Kootenay from the 
Lower Blairmore are Cladophlebis virginiensis, a large pinnuled and fairly 
distinct species; A crostichopteris fimbriata, no member of the genus Acrosti- 
chopteris being known from the Blairmore, although it continues to the 
close of the Lower Cretaceous in Wyoming and the east; Cycadolepis sp.; 
Nilsonia schaumburgensis; Czekanowskia sp.; Baiera sp.; Nageiopsis zami- 
oides; and Nageiopsis (?) montanensis. It appears to me that the Kootenay 
1 Berry, E. W.: Lower Cretaceous, Md. Geol. Surv., pp. 118-121 (1911). 
77865-3* 
