105 
evidence for any broad generalization, but it is not impossible that the 
site of maximum coal swamps migrated northward in Lower Cretaceous 
time. 
The Crowsnest volcanics have not yet yielded any fossils except a 
very poor specimen of a leaf. Therefore, their exact age cannot be deter- 
mined. However, as they overlie beds containing, a flora which may be 
as old as Albian or as young as Cenomanian, and underlie beds containing 
a Turonian fauna, the volcanic eruption which they record may have 
occurred in Cenomanian or early Turonian time. 
In the United States interior the zone of Inoceramus labiatus is in the 
Greenhorn limestone, Frontier formation, and the lower part of the Colo- 
rado shale. 1 Reeside correlates it with the lower Turonian of Europe. 
The Vascoceras fauna which is at the top of the I. labiatus zone in the 
United States has not yet been found in Canada. However, the Vascoceras 
fauna is a very rare one in North America, being known at only two 
localities. 2 In Mountain Park, Alberta, and other areas, Warren and 
Rutherford 3 record a zone of Inoceramus labiatus in the middle of the Rlack- 
stone shale, but note the presence of Prionotropis below as well as above it. 
The Prionotropis fauna, in the areas studied, is a scanty one; only 
the following are known, Prionotropis cf. woolgari Man tell, Inoceramus sp., 
and trails. This is the “Carlile” or Scaphites warreni 4 fauna of the United 
States interior where it is found in the Carlile shale of southern Montana, 
Wyoming, the Black Hills, etc., and in a part of the Colorado shale of 
northern Montana. It is an upper Turonian fauna of Europe. Along 
Bow river and in Bragg Creek area this fauna is in the lower Benton 5 . In 
Mountain Park and other areas this fauna is in the Blackstone shale 6 and 
includes Prionotropis and Inoceramus cf. corpulentus McLearn. J. S. 
Stewart’s collection, made in 1916, at Mountain Park and presumably 
from the Blackstone shale, contains Prionotropis (several species), Scaphites 
cf. larvaeformis M, and H., Scaphites (very small species), Inoceramus cf. 
corpulentus McLearn, and Baculites cf. gracilis Shumard. This fauna is 
also found on Smoky river in northern Alberta, in the lower part of the 
Kaskapau shale, where Prionotropis occurs at two horizons. 7 On Atha- 
baska river, at Stony rapids, this fauna occurs in the basal part of the La 
Biche shale, and includes a large undescribed species of Prionotropis and a 
large, depressed, undescribed species of Inoceramus. In Canada, this fauna 
can be readily recognized by the presence of the ammonoid genus Priono - 
tropis. Failing that Inoceramus corpulentus appears to be a good guide 
fossil, although it has not yet been found in southwestern Alberta. Inocer- 
amus labiatus is rare. The presence of very small species of Scaphites is 
another characteristic of this fauna in Canada. Scaphites warreni M. and 
H., a rather slender species of moderate size and having a rather simple and 
1 Reeside, J, B., jun.: U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap. 132B, p. 28 (1923). 
2 Reeside, J. B., jun.: U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap. 132B, pp. 26, 27 (1913). 
•Warren, P. S., and Rutherford, R. L.: Am. Jour. Soi., vol. 16, p. 132 (1928), 
4 McLearn, F. H., and Hume, G. S,: Bull. Am. See. Petrol. Geols., vol. 2, p. 242 (1927). 
For distribution of this fauna in the United States and for correlation with Europe See Reeside, J. B., jnn.: 
U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof, Pap. 132B, pp. 26, 28 (1925). 
* Rutherford, R. L.: Alberta Sci. Induatr. Res. Coun., Rept. 17, p. 25 (1927). 
Hume, G. S.: Geol. Surv., Canada, Sum. Rept. 1927, pt. B, advance issue, p. 7 (1928). 
• Rutherford, R. L.: Alberta Sci. Industr. Res. Coun., Geol, Surv. Div,, Rept. 11, p. 40 (1925). 
McKay, B. R.: Personal communication. 
McLearn, F. H,, and Hume, G. S.: Bull. Am. Assoc. Pet. Geol. 2, No. 3, pp. 243, 244 (1927). 
Warren, P. S,, and Rutherford, R. L.: Am. Jour. Sci. 
7 McLearn, F. II.: Geol. Surv., Canada, Bull. No. 42, p. 119 (1926). 
