24 
With but two exceptions, the cephalic indices of all bands of both 
sexes fall between 70*0 and 85-0, the mean for the Island Lake and Gods 
Lake men and women being approximately 79-5, whereas for the Oxford 
House men it is 76-9. These, then, are a mesaticephalic people; those at 
Island lake and at Gods lake tending toward the brachycephalic end of 
the scale, the Oxford House men toward the dolichocephalic end. The 
usual sexual difference in the index pertains here, the women having slightly 
rounder heads than the men. The mean length of head for the men of 
each of the three bands is practically the same, viz., about 196-0 mm., 
and for the two bands of women about 188-5 mm. The heads of the 
women are, therefore, 7*5 mm. shorter than the heads of the men. The 
length of the head in no wise distinguishes one band from another; neither 
does the width of the head distinguish the women of Island lake and Gods 
lake from each other; the mean widths of their heads being about 150-0 
mm. It is doubtful, moreover, if the width distinguishes the men of 
these two bands (Diff. /P.E. diff., of this mean for Island Lake and Gods 
Lake men is only 2-3). The width of the head is, however, of the utmost 
value in making a differential diagnosis between groups of men from Oxford 
House and Island lake (Diff. /P.E. diff. 8-1), and between groups from 
Oxford House and Gods lake (Diff. /P.E. diff, 3-8). The cephalic index 
might also equally well be used for purposes of differentiating men of 
Oxford House from those of the other two bands, for, as it is not in length 
but in breadth that the heads of these men differ, the cephalic index under 
present circumstances merely expresses the relation of the width of the 
head to a constant. 
Width of Face and Cephalo-facial Index, On consulting the table of 
cephalo-facial indices (biparietal-bizygomatic) it is seen that the men of 
Island lake and Gods lake have almost identical indices, viz., 94-4 and 
94-5, respectively, and that the women of these two lakes likewise have 
almost identical indices, viz., 93-2 and 93-5 respectively. These are, 
perhaps, slightly low for full-blood Indians. It is surprising to find that 
the Oxford House men (though unquestionably of greater European ad- 
mixture than the men of the other two bands) have the high cephalo-facial 
index of 95-9. This arrests the attention, because it is beUeved that if 
there be one index that will discriminate between Indian and Half-breed 
and between Half-breed and European it is the cephalo-facial index; the 
index should fall as the amount of white blood increases. In the table, 
page 40, which describes the distribution of the width of face, it is seen 
that the Island Lake men have the broadest faces; that the Gods Lake 
faces are narrower by 1 • 1 mm. and that the Oxford House faces are nar- 
rower by 2-4 mm. This is as we are accustomed to think it should be; the 
breadth of the zygomatic arch is diminishing or collapsing as the volume 
of white blood increases. The reason, then, that the Oxford House men 
have a high cephalo-facial index is not on account of their breadth of face 
(they have the narrowest of the faces), but on account of their narrow heads 
for their heads are 4-9 mm. narrower than those of Island lake, whereas 
their faces are only 2*4 mm. narrower, a difference of practically 2 to 1. 
Since the difference between the width of face of the Oxford House and the 
Island Lake men is 4 • 0 times its probable error, and the difference between 
their cephalo-facial indices is 4 - 6 times its probable error, these findings are 
scarcely to be regarded as illusionary. It would appear, then, that it is 
