26 
and have, therefore, also the highest hand index. This breadth of hand 
and this index serve absolutely to differentiate the Oxford House men 
from those at Island lake. (Diff/P.E. diff., of the breadth is 8*8 and of 
the index, 7*3.) They, moreover, distinguish the Oxford House from the 
Gods Lake men (Diff. /P.E. diff., being 4-7 and 4-2 for breadth and index 
respectively). Under the heading of “Descriptive Characters” attention 
has already been called to the digital formula, page 13. 
In concluding, we may compare these northeastern Manitoban Indians 
with the full-blood and half-blood Sioux. Let us first consider the Oxford 
House and the half-blood Siouan Indians because the opinion is current 
that the Oxford House men have coursing in their own veins much white 
blood. The bands inhabit, as was pointed out in the historical sketch, 
page 3, the main northern waterway of the white man. Their location 
has, therefore, obviously offered them opportunities of intermarriage with 
Europeans, which the other two bands have presumably not had to the 
same degree. Their general characteristics (e.g., complexion, colour of 
the eye, the frequency with which they suffer from dental caries, etc.) 
lend strong support to such a contention. On turning to the table of 
means on page 20, it at once becomes apparent that there is a very close 
similarity Ijetween them in stature, in arm stretch and its index, in sitting 
height and its index, and in many other proportions. The exact value 
of these mean or average measurements becomes apparent when the eye 
is carried down the fourth column of figures on table IV, which expresses 
the number of times a difference exceeds its probable error. 
Table IV 
In this table the measurements and the indices of the Island Lake 
and Oxford House Indians are contrasted with those of Siouan Indians. 
The figures in the table record the number of times the difference between 
two sets of a measurement (or of an index) is greater than the probable 
error of that difference. No entry has been made where a difference is 
less than twice its probable error. A blank space, therefore, indicates that 
the two groups of Indians, that are being compared, closely resemble each 
other in the measurement (or index) the space represents. 
Measurement of index 
Males (aged 20-59 years) 
Females 
Island 
Lake 
and 
pure 
Sioux 
Island 
Lake 
and 
half-blood 
Sioux 
Oxford 
House 
and 
pure 
Sioux 
Oxford 
House 
and 
half-blood 
Sioux 
Island 
Lake 
and 
pure 
Sioux 
Stature 
4-7 
4-9 
5-4 
Arm stretch index 
Sitting height 
50 
3*8 
Sitting height index.. 
15-5 
80 
10-4 
Cephalic index 
9-2 
7-3 
2-6 
Glabella ad maximum. 
20 
2-2 
2-9 
Biparietal 
2-4 
9-2 
6-1 
Bizygomatic 
5-7 
60 
9-3 
6-9 
Cephalo-facial index 
8-8 
50 
80 
6-6 
Menton-crinion 
7-5 
21 
5-9 
4*7 
Menton-nasion 
4-6 
30 
2-4 
Facial index 
30 
3-5 
6-6 
Nose height 
10-5 
120 
15-5 
Nose width 
7-4 
4-7 
2-8 
90 
Nasal index 
71 
4-8 
4-4 
30 
3-5 
