218 
BRITISH BEETLES. 
spines, and having a long fork bent forwards, and 
arising rather above the anal orifice, by means of 
which they retain their excrement as a shelter. The 
pupae, also, are broad and flat, with spined appendages 
on the sides, and the thorax dilated, spined, and 
covering the head. 
The transformations of C. viridis , — a very common 
species on thistles, — may readily be observed. 
