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lower pan of the hive, and use one of our “ Combined 
Feeders and Hive Ventilators” in the centre of the 
roof; this will allow all moisture and foul air to escape, 
keeping the combs dry and free from frost, and yet 
will allow the foul air to pass off without causing cold 
currents in the hive. 
Cold winds carry away more warmth from the hive 
than steady cold weather. A close board fence on the 
north and west sides of the apiary, gives some protec- 
tion, yet the bees are greatly benefitted by setting corn- 
fodder around the hive, keeping the entrance uncov- 
ered, but shaded by a piece of board leaned over it. 
To shut up the hive entirely is objectionable ; bees 
should be allowed to fly and discharge their feces. 
Bees will never discharge their feces in the hive unless 
they are diseased. If the ground is covered with snow 
many bees may perish in it, but in many cases can 
save themselves, if straw or hay is spread in front of 
the hives. 
After many carefully conducted experiments in win- 
tering bees, I have found the following the best method: 
Set the hives, properly prepared for wintering, on 
the south side of a fence or building as soon as steady 
winter has set in ; set the hives about one foot from the 
fence, and each hive about one foot from the next 
one, pack hay or straw behind, between and over the 
hives, and lean a broad board against the front of the 
