101 
such a manner as to form a roof ; make a tube for each 
hive by nailing the edges of four laths together, insert 
them so that one end reaches down to the middle of 
the hive, the other end projecting outside, and cover 
the whole with straw about a foot thick, and over it 
place some earth to retain it in place. As soon as the 
warm clays of spring approach, the hives should be set 
on their summer stand, beginning with the strongest 
colony, and as soon as they have marked their course, 
more may be set out until all have their summer stand ; 
if no more freezing weather occurs, upward ventilation 
should be checked, and the entrance contracted to re- 
tain the warmth of the hive, and to enable each colony 
to guard against robber-bees. 
MONTHLY MANAGEMENT OF BEES. 
The inexperienced bee-keeper will find in the follow- 
ing articles brief directions as to what time the various 
operations are to be performed ; varying a little, of 
course, with forward, early, or late seasons. 
Management for January. — If the colonies have 
received the proper attention in the fall, but little will 
have to be done to bees in this month. On warm days 
remove the shading-board from the entrance of such 
colonies as are wintered in the open air, allowing the 
bees to fly and discharge their faeces. Keep the en- 
trances, especially those of common hives, free from 
