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west side of Long island, bay of Exploits, about 100 yards back from 
the shore. Many rocks had caved in on top of it, and foxes or 
other animals had apparently carried off some of the remains, although 
they may possibly have been crushed under a large rock that three men 
were unable to displace. They recovered the cranium of an adult 
(female?), the cranium of a child, a lower jaw too large for either of these 
skulls, some long and many small bones, two metal spoons, two fragments of 
copper basins, part of an arrow, some red ochre, a piece of iron pyrites, 
more than a dozen carved bone ornaments, and many pieces of sewn 
birch-bark, including part of a small birch-bark dish. All these objects, 
except the adult cranium and one of the metal spoons, which were about 
2 feet away in a crevice between two rocks, lay under masses of birch-bark 
mingled with small rocks, in complete disorder; and among this debris 
were several stout sticks 4 feet long and 2 inches thick, cut with a metal 
ax, and two semicircular hoops of birch 4§ feet long, that presumably 
formed the frame of a small, birch-covered wigwam. Burial inside a 
wigwam has never been recorded from Newfoundland, and one is tempted 
to conjecture that this was not a real grave, but rather the last resting- 
place of a family that had perished from disease or starvation. The 
smallness of the wigwam, however, seems to make this conjecture unten- 
able. 
An interesting collection of stone arrow points, knives, hammerstones, 
celts, etc., was secured at various places along the coast, mainly from 
fishermen who had dug them up when planting and harvesting their 
potatoes; for the places that the Beothuk Indians chose for their camp- 
sites have often proved the most favourable for modern settlement. The 
fishermen have recovered large numbers of specimens during the last 
hundred years, but unfortunately they have thrown most of them away, 
or given them to stray tourists. 
Some of the implements brought back to the National Museum 
throw an interesting light on the early history of the Beothuk. The 
majority closely resemble specimens from Algonkian sites in eastern 
Canada and the United States; for example, there are birch-bark vessels, 
triangular arrow-points, long adze-blades, tanged points of rubbed slate, 
discoidal hammerstones pitted on each face for thumb and finger, and 
soapstone plummets. Considered in the light of other elements of Beothuk 
culture, such as the birch-bark houses and canoes and the methods of drying 
fish, they strongly support the theory that the “Red Indians” of Newfound- 
land were merely a divergent branch of the Algonkian stock. A few speci- 
mens, however, distinctly suggest contact with the Eskimo to the north. 
Old writers tell us that the Beothuk hunted seals in the open sea with 
retrieving harpoons, an art they possessed in common with the Eskimo, 
from whom it was probably borrowed. The Beothuk harpoon heads, 
however, were not modelled on those used by any Eskimo of the present 
day, but on another type that has recently been discovered in old stone 
houses around Hudson strait, Hudson bay, Baffin island, and other places 
in the eastern Arctic. The writer described the peculiar Eskimo culture 
found in some of these ruins, as far as it was then known, two years ago, 
in the Geographical Review (vol. XV, No. 3, July, 1925, pp. 428-437), 
