49 
CONIFERAE, PINE FAMILY 
Juniperus communis L., Juniper 
Bella Coola: Roots, leaves, branches, and bark boiled, and the 
decoction taken internally as often as desired for many ailments, 
including a cough from the lungs, and pain in the stomach. Neither 
a purgative nor an emetic. 
Southern Carrier: Branches boiled, and the vapour inhaled for 
headache and pain in the chest. 
Northern Carrier: Tips boiled, and the decoction taken intern- 
ally as a purgative, also for a cough. 
Juniperus sp. 
Gitksan: Entire plant, including roots and berries, boiled for a 
day, and the decoction, when cool, taken internally for many ailments, 
including hemorrhage and kidney trouble. A purgative and diuretic. 
Thuja plica ta Donn, Red Cedar 
Bella Coola: Very soft bark used to bind up wounds, and to cover 
poultices of false bugbane ( Trautvetteria grandis Nutt.) and of tall 
buttercup ( Ranunculus acris L.), 
Leaves, sometimes with the gum-coated cones, boiled, and the hot 
decoction taken internally for pain in the stomach. Neither an 
emetic nor a purgative. 
Leaves powdered by pounding, mixed with a little cold water and 
taken internally for pain in the stomach, also externally for coughs 
and internal pains, as heart trouble, rheumatism, swollen neck, and 
pain in the stomach. See also Polypody, page 48. 
Gitksan: Not used. 
Chamaecy pans nootkatensis (Lamb) Spach, Yellow Cypress, Yellow 
Cedar 
Bella Coola: A little soft bark used to cover poultices of false 
bugbane (Trautvetteria grandis Nutt.) and of tall buttercup ( Ran- 
unculus acris L.). 
Pinus contorta Dough, Scrub Pine, Jack Pine 
Bella Coola: Gum applied to cuts. 
Gum chewed and applied to broken skin. 
Gum at the ends of branches, collected in November, December, 
and January, boiled and the decoction taken internally for “con- 
sumption.” 
Gum — like that of tideland spruce (page 51) and western 
hemlock (page 51) — mixed with the baked stems and leaves, or the 
dried and pulverized bulb, of false hellebore (page 53), and applied 
as a poultice (sometimes spread on red cedar bark) to the chest for 
heart trouble, and to the arms for rheumatism. Burned the skin 
within two or three days, but was sometimes left on as long as two 
weeks. 
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