50 
Southern Carrier: New shoots boiled, and the decoction taken 
internally for pain in the stomach. Resembled the decoction made 
from the bark of the aspen (page 54), or from the new shoots and 
bark of the tideland spruce (page 51), but the last-mentioned con- 
sidered most efficacious. 
Northern Carrier: Needle tips mixed with large needle tips of the 
“British Columbia pine” ( Pinus sp.?), the inside bark of the wild 
gooseberry ( Ribes sp.?), bark of the red-osier dogwood ( Cornus 
stolonifiera Michx.), the inside pulp of raspberry canes ( Rubus sp.), 
stems of the “bearberry” (?black twin-berry, Lonicera involucrata 
Banks?), and the inner bark of the wild rose ( Rosa sp.), placed in a 
vessel holding four gallons of water, boiled down to a thick decoction, 
strained, and bottled. About two tablespoonfuls taken, at sunrise 
and sunset, for constitutional weakness or paralysis, or if the body 
were covered with sores. 
Gum obtained by heating a green piece of pine (sp.?) painted on 
the eye to remove white scum and to cure snow-blindness. 
Sikani: Pitch chewed and the saliva swallowed for a cough. 
Gitksan: Inner bark (scraped from the trunk with a bone scraper 
after the outer bark had been removed) eaten both for food and as a 
blood purifier. Purged the body in from half an hour to an hour. 
Shavings of the yellow resinous timber found after removal of 
the bark boiled, the decoction placed in oil, and taken internally as 
a purgative and diuretic for many serious ailments, including gonor- 
rhoea. Said to produce beneficial results in “consumption.” 
Young needles plucked in June and eaten as a purgative and 
diuretic. 
For use with a fern, see page 48. 
Abies grandis Lindl., White Fir, Balsam Fir 
Bella Coola: Bark of root or of stem boiled, and the decoction taken 
internally every day for tuberculosis and stomach trouble. Said to 
have cured many cases of tuberculosis. 
Gum from bark blisters found on young trees warmed, mixed 
with mountain goat tallow, and taken internally for sore throat; also 
drawn on a hair across sore eyes. 
Young, green leaves baked, mixed with fruit of skunk cabbage 
( Lysichiton kamtschatcense Schott.) gathered in October, or the buds 
gathered in April, split, dried on top of the house, roasted, mixed with 
a small quantity of slightly roasted roots of the cow parsnip (Hera- 
cleum lanatum Michx.), one or two cupfuls of the gummy buds of the 
black cottonwood ( Populus trichocarpa T. and G.), and four or five 
cupfuls of fresh eulachon oil, allowed to stand one day, then boiled and 
kept in a box for a hair perfume. Kitimat Indians said to be more 
expert in its preparation. 
Southern Carrier: Tree used for medicine, but details not obtained. 
Chilcotin: Not used. 
