51 
Abies sp. 
Northern Carrier: Bark boiled in water and the decoction taken 
internally as a purgative. 
Gum used as an ointment on wounds, and especially on burns. 
Sikani: Gum applied to wounds. 
Giiksan: Juicy inner bark, scraped from the trunk of the tree, 
after removal of the outer bark, taken internally for constipation. 
Gum from the bark blisters taken internally as a purgative and 
diuretic for “consumption,” gonorrhoea, and many other serious ail- 
ments. Applied externally to cuts and sores, especially the sores of 
gonorrhoea. 
The young cones, obtainable in August, sliced across, mashed, 
and used for the same purposes as the gum from the bark blisters. 
See also fern, page 48. 
Pseudo tsuga taxifolia Britt., Douglas Fir 
Bella Coola: Gum boiled and taken internally, while warm, as a 
diuretic for gonorrhoea. 
Gum, spread on red cedar bark, applied to cuts. (One informant 
said that although gum of scrub pine ( see page 49), hemlock ( see 
page 51), and tideland spruce (see page 51) weie good, Douglas 
fir gum made cuts worse.) 
Gum mixed with dogfish (shark) oil or, if that were not available, 
eulaehon oil, taken, two spoonfuls at a time, with warm water, as an 
emetic and purgative for colds, rheumatism, gonorrhoea, constipation, 
intestinal pains, and diarrhoea. 
Southei'n Carrier: Not used. 
Gitksan : Not used. 
Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg., Western Hemlock, and Tsuga 
Mertensiana Carr, Mountain Hemlock 
Bella Coola: Leaves chewed and applied to burns. 
See also scrub pine (page 49). 
Gum warmed and applied to cuts. Not boiled for a diuretic for 
gonorrhoea. 
Burning twigs applied to the skin for various internal ailments. 
Southern Carrier: Not used. 
Gitksan: Not used. 
Picea sitchensis Carr., Tideland Spruce 
Bella Coola: Tips of small, but not of large, spruces mixed with 
blue currant ( Rihes brocteosum Dough), young juneberry {Amel- 
anchier florida Lindh), and crushed branches (leaves and steins) of 
garden sno wherry ( Symphoricarpus raeemosa Michx.), boiled and 
taken internally for gonorrhoea. 
Sap from the peeled trunk taken in doses of from half a cup to a 
cupful as a laxative from May to August. 
