60 
Pyras diversifolia Bong., Crab Apple 
Bella Coola: See common gooseberry (page 58). 
Gitksan: Juice, scraped from peeled trunk, used as an eye medi- 
cine. 
Trunk and branches, or scrapings from inside of bark, boiled 
until thick, and the decoction taken internally over a period of from 
four to six months for “consumption” and rheumatism. Said to be a 
fattening medicine, both laxative and diuretic. 
Amelanchier florida Lindl., Juneberry, Saskatoon 
Bella Coola: See tideland spruce (page 51). 
EMPETRACEAE, CROWBERRY FAMILY 
Empetrum nigrum L., Crowberry 
Bella Coola: Green leaves, with or without berries, boiled, and the 
decoction taken internally as a purgative. 
VIOLACEAE, VIOLET FAMILY 
Viola adunca Sm. var. glabra Brain., Violet 
Bella Coola: Not used. 
Southern Carrier: Entire plant boiled and one or many cupfuls 
of the decoction taken internally for pain in the stomach, but not for 
diarrhoea or vomiting. 
Gitksan: Not used. 
ELAEAGNACEAE, OLEASTER FAMILY 
Shepherdia canadensis Nutt., Soapolallie 
Bella Coola: Not used. 
Southern Carrier: Not used. 
Northern Carrier: Root boiled in water and the decoction taken 
internally as a purgative. 
Gitksan: Roots, stem, and branches boiled, and the decoction 
used as a wash for gonorrhoea. 
Bark, branches, and leaves without roots boiled, and the decoction 
taken internally for chronic cough. 
See also tideland spruce (page 51). 
ONAGRACEAE, EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY 
Epilobium angustifolium L., Fire Weed 
Bella Coola: Root roasted in ashes, mashed between hands or 
stones, and applied to boils. 
Southern Carrier: Not used. 
Gitksan: Not used. 
