99 
States National Museum from Quebec; Norway House (Manitoba); Fort Simpson, Great 
Slave lake (Northwest Territories); and other places; showed no characters that could 
not be matched in others. L. c. mollijnlosus said to be browner and less grey than true 
Lynx canadensis, with a dense, soft, woolly pelage. Skull decidedly narrower, higher, and 
more arched than L. canadensis and much more constricted across frontals and between 
orbits, postorbital processes conspicuously more slender. Recent comparison of Chitiua 
River specimens with material from James bay and Nipissing district (Ontario), Saskat- 
chewan river and Duck mountain (Manitoba), show no tangible difference, except that 
postorbital processes if anything thicker and heavier in Chitina specimens. Chitina speci- 
men in faded summer pelage and valueless for comparative colour characters. Lynx 
canadensis mollipilosus Stone described from a single Alaska specimen, and a supposed 
intermediate specimen from British Columbia, and seems to rest upon insecure premises. 
5. Citeilus plesius plesius (Osgood) Lake Bennett Ground Squirrel 
Very numerous over north slope of the Chitina wherever visited and 
also numerous on summits above the Nizina. Held very consistently to 
an elevation of from 3,000 feet to 6,000 feet. Thus although never observed 
near Hubrick’s camp, was down to valley level at Trail End, about 3,000 
feet. Equally at home in cliffs that faced valley below timber-line, in 
willow thickets beyond limits of spruce and poplar, and on barest, rounding 
pastures far aloft near line of perpetual snow. However, the 1,500 feet 
above timber-line its favourite range, and it w T as invariably found in high 
rock slides, home of the pika. 
Species first seen and taken at Trail End, May 21, and on May 24 
a few above base camp at timber-line. From this time until mid-August 
climber could scarcely set his foot in upper reaches of mountains without 
having shrill “ Chitigit !” almost constantly dinned into his ears. 
Most wary and clever ground squirrels ever seen by writer. System 
of signalling perfect. Aimed to keep visitor constantly under surveillance, 
yet never to allow him to make a close approach. Rare to get within 
gunshot. Always a sentry or two stretched up at a burrow or perched on 
a commanding rock, but they were always ready to dart down to safety 
at first move in their direction — and some other voices took up shrill 
alarm. Almost impossible to secure with a shotgun unless by a head 
shot and even several head-shot victims had to be hauled out of their 
burrows where their last spasmodic actions invariably carried them. How- 
ever, these animals found to be quite tame at old mine on Calamity creek 
where doubtless they had learned to know man. 
Ground squirrels seemed to have two enemies: golden eagle and grizzly 
bear. Probably Harlan’s red-tailed hawk killed a few of them along edge 
of timber, but hawk never seen aloft in open pastures. Found that squir- 
rels had two alarm calls. At sight of man foe note invariably “ chit-i-git /” 
the three syllables uttered rapidly, shrill, staccato. At sight of eagle alarm 
entirely different: a shrill “cheep!” much like that of Richardson ground 
squirrel (Citeilus richardsonii ) of prairies. Observed many times. Young, 
too, had this double alarm. Four-footed foes — and doubtless man fell 
into category of bear — drew one alarm note ; winged foes, the other — a 
rather fine display of intelligence, it would seem. 
Grizzly preyed upon Citeilus only upon higher slopes. At lower 
level little animals doubtless too well entrenched in their rocky fortresses. 
But at high levels could be seen that all burrows were shallow, which may 
have been due to nearness of frost to surface. At any rate, Ephraim 
merely ripped out shallow burrows and never dug deep holes. 
