thousand answers 91 
A. I have used both, but now use plain wood separators one- 
sixteenth of an inch thick. 
Flour for Pollen. — Q. Why is rye-flour put into the hives in 
March ? 
Where can I put rye-flour in the beehives? 
A. Rye-flour and other meals are given to the bees as a sub- 
stitute for pollen. 
If you want to put it in the hive, you can sprinkle it into the 
cells of a comb. But it is not generally put in the hive, but out- 
side. Put it in a shallow dish or box outside in the sun, and if 
the bees are in need of it they will take it from there. But if they 
can get plenty of natural pollen they are not likely to touch the 
substitute. Use old combs for bait. 
Foulbrood Versus Chilled Brood. — Q. How can a person tell 
the difference between foulbrood and chilled brood? I can find 
nothing regarding chilled brood in the text-books. 
A. Chilled brood doesn’t string out like foulbrood. 
(Foulbrood is irregular, not all the brood dying at one time. 
Chilled brood is all dead. — C. P. D.) 
Foulbrood. — Q. I am requeening my entire apiary with Car- 
niolan queens, as I have come to the conclusion that the most 
prolific bees are the most resistant to foulbrood. How about it? 
A. There is a very general belief that the introduction of 
pure Italian blood is an important step toward the eradication of 
F.uropean foulbrood and some think the same of Carniolans. It 
may be that there is something about Italians or some other 
blood through which it comes to pass that if two colonies side by 
side are of equal energy, one of them being of pure Italian 
blood and the other mostly black, the one of pure Italian blood 
will be the more nearly immune to foulbrood. But I doubt it. I 
think that Italians will fight foulbrood better than blacks, not 
because they are Italians, but because they are more energetic 
than the others. So the most energetic bees, no matter what the 
kind, will be the ones that will do the most toward keeping down 
foulbrood. I do not remember seeing prolificness claimed as a 
thing to help against foulbrood. Yet prolificness helps toward it 
in one respect, in that it helps to keep strong colonies, and it is 
very important with European foulbrood that colonies be strong. 
Q. Is foulbrood ever found where there is no manipulation of 
bees? 
A. Yes, indeed. Manipulation cannot produce the disease, 
and the right kind of manipulation does not necessarily favor its 
