31 
3) are: presumably People-of-the-drum (Lugeegycedem’anuhl), the human 
figure at the top; the Raven-drum; the Large-Raven (’Wee-qaq ) — -meant 
here as part of the drum, but actually represented under it; The Large-frog 
(^Wee-ranaa^o) and Frog-person (Gycedem-ranaa^o), at the bottom. 
(7) The Frog-hanging ( Spoerem-ranaa^o ) 
The upper half of the pole is uncarved. The figures in the lower part 
(Plate IV, figure 4) are: Hanging-frog ( Spcerem-ranaa^o ); Starfish-person 
(Gycedem-ramats ) — a starfish with four arms and a human face on the 
disk; the Eagle (Mawdzeks ), represented with a bird’s head, a human 
body with wings outlined under the arms, and a crown of grizzly-bear claws. 
(8) Drifted-aside (Gisgyawtu) 
The name of this short and new pole (Plate IV, figure 5) is Drifted- 
aside or Drifted-to-one-side, after the traditional name of an ancestor. 
Its figures are: Pearled-Raven or All-abalone-pearl-Raven (Trha-helatrhum- 
qaq), standing on the top of Gisgyawtii’s head; Gisgyawtu holds the 
Pearled-bow (hcelham-hakutak ) in his hands. 
To sum up: There are altogether more than sixty-two figures on the 
eight totem poles of Kweenu. Of these: seventeen are variants of the 
Frog crest; nine of the Eagle (Mawdzeks) and Eagle-person; eight of the 
Raven; four of the Starfish. The other figures are either crests or spirit- 
names (narhnawks ); the crests are: Neegyamks (Sun-shines-on) or Frog- 
woman ; Drifted-aside ( Gisgyawtu ), a legendary ancestor in the clan, re- 
peated twice; the Raven-drum, repeated twice — perhaps alluded to, a third 
time; the Pearl-bow, repeated twice; the Bottom-boards, repeated two or 
three times; the Water-lily twice. The other figures, appearing only 
once, are: Naran, a spirit with a war club; Come-from-sickness, a spirit 
name in the family; Heartless-small-slave, another spirit name; another 
human figure whose identity is doubtful; Wolverine, possibly repeated 
twice. 
OEIGIN 
In bare outline Kweenu’s traditional account of origin is as follows: 
the ancestors of his clan lived at Git'anyao,^ before the deluge. When the 
land was submerged everywhere, their rafts drifted until the flood subsided, 
and they settled in the country of the Haidas (on Queen Charlotte islands). 
Their ancestress there had three children, a daughter and two sons, whose 
personal names, still preserved in the family, refer to their Haida adventure. 
Mother and children migrated from the islands to the main coast, in 
the large canoe named Gweerh-saw^ or Larah-wawsu, “Double-headed,” 
intending to go to Nass river (the Bottom-boards crest, with two heads 
opposite each other, at the ends of the board, is derived from this posses- 
sion). But they failed to reach their goal and landed at a place named 
‘This is a legendary village, the location of which is not known. Some Gitwinlkul people believe that it was 
situated a few miles below the present village of Gitwinlkul. 
‘Sometimes this canoe is represented in miniature in the feast house, as Lutraisuh’s canoe is in the Tongue- 
licked clan (See Plate V, figure 3). 
