V 
Pagb 
Kispayaks carvers 181 
Kitwanga carvers 182 
Gits^yukla carvers 183 
Tsimsyan carvers of the lower Skeena 184 
Kitamat (Hazelton) carvers 184 
A Qaldo carver. 185 
Hagwelget or Carrier carvers 185 
Unidentified 185 
Recapitulation 186 
Ages of the totem poles 187 
At Gitwinlkul 187 
At Kitwanga 188 
At Kispayaks 189 
At Gitenmaks (Hazelton) 190 
At Hagwelget 190 
At Qaldo 190 
At Gitsegyukla 190 
At Kisgagas 191 
Appendix: Excerpts from printed records of early travel and exploration on the 
North West Coast 192 
Illustrations 
Plate I. Kitwanga totem poles (from a pencil sketch by Langdon Kihn, 
1924) 210 
II. A. Gitwinlkul poles 212 
B. Kispayaks poles (photograph by Morgensen) 212 
III. Figures 1-3: poles of Kweenu, at Gitwinlkul 214 
IV. Figures 1-5; poles of Kweenu, at Gitwinlkul 216 
V. Figures 1-4: poles of Wistis or Rarhs-rabarhs, at Gitsegyukla; 
figure 5: pole of Najqt, at Kispayaks 218 
VI. Figure 1; Pole of Naeqt at Kispayaks; figure 2: pole of Tselramuk, 
at Kispayaks; figures 3 and 4; poles of Laelt, at Kitwanga 220 
VII. Figures 1, 2, and 3: poles of Ha’ku and T-haku, at Ivitwanga; 
figures 4, 5, and 6: poles of Hlengwah, at Kitwanga 222 
VIII. Figures 1-7: poles of Hlengwah, at Kitwanga. 224 
IX. Figure 1: pole of Halus, at Kitwanga; figures 2 and 3: poles of 
Tseen and Lutkudzeeus, at Gitenmaks; figure 4: pole of 
Ma'us at Kispayaks; figure 5: pole of Ramlarhyselk, at Git- 
winlkul 226 
X. Figures 1, 2, and 3: poles of Ramlarhyselk, at GiUvinlkul; figures 
4 and 5: poles of Lurhawn, at Gitwinlkul 228 
XI. Figures 1 and 2; poles of Lurhawn, at Gitwinlkul; figures 3, 4, 
and 5: poles of Gitemraldo and Sanaws at Gitenmaks; figures 
6 and 7; poles of Wawralaw and Tu’pesu, at Gitsegyukla. . . . 230 
XII. Figure 1; pole of Mawlarhen, at Gitsegyukla; figure 2: pole of 
Gyaidem-skanees, at Hagwelget; figure 3: pole of Wutar- 
hayaits and Yarhyaq, at Gitwinlkul 232 
XIII. Figures 1 and 2: poles of Wutarhayaets and Yarhyaq, at Git- 
winlkul; figure 3: pole of Harhu, at Kispayaks 234 
XIV. Figure 1: pole of Harhu, at Kispayaks; figures 2 and 3: poles of 
Gurhsan, at Gitsegyukla; figure 4: pole of Hanamuk at Git- 
segyukla; figure 5: pole of Gitludahl, at Kispayaks 236 
XV. Figures 1 and 2: poles of Hanamuk, at Gitsegyukla; figure 3: pole 
of Gitludahl, at Kispayaks 238 
XVI. Figure 1: pole of Gitludahl, at Kispayaks; figures 2-4: poles of 
Wawsemlarhae, at Kispayaks; figure 5: pole of Kweeyaihl, 
at Kispayaks 240 
