CONTENTS 
Page 
Preface vii 
Introduction 1 
General description of the poles 1 
Age of the poles 4 
Carvers 4 
Function of the poles 6 
Crests or heraldic emblems 8 
Origin and evolution of the art of carving totem poles 12 
Technique 27 
The totem poles 28 
Poles of the Larhsail (Frog-Raven) phratry 28 
(1) Poles of Kweenu, at Gitwinlkul 28 
(2) Poles of Wistis or Rarhs-rabarhs, at Gitsegyukla 35 
(3) Pole of Nseqt, at Kispayaks. 38 
(4) Pole of Tslramuk, at IGspayaks 40 
(5) Poles of Laelt, at Kitwanga 41 
(6) Poles of Ha’ku and T-haku, at Kitwanga 45 
(7) Poles of Hlengwah, at Kitwanga 48 
(8) Pole of Halus, at IGtwanga 55 
(9) Poles of Tseen and Lutkudzeeus, at Gitenmaks (Hazelton) 56 
(10) Pole of Ma’us, at IGspayaks 58 
(11) Poles of Ramlarhyailk, at Gitwinlkul 59 
(12) Poles of Lurhawn, at Gitwinlkul 64 
(13) Poles of Gitemraldo and Sanaws, at Gitenmaks (Hazelton) 66 
(14) Poles of Wawralaw and Tu’pesu, at Gitsegyukla 68 
(15) Pole of Mawlarhen, at Gitsegyukla 70 
(16) Pole of Gyaedem-skanees, at Hagwelget 72 
(17) Poles of Wutarhayaets and Yarhyaq, at Gitwinlkul 74 
(18) Pole of Harhu, at Kispayaks 77 
Poles of the Fireweed phratry 79 
(19) Poles of Gurhsan, at Gitsegyukla 79 
(20) Poles of Hanamuk, at Gitsegyukla 81 
(21) Poles of Gitludahl, at Kispayaks 84 
(22) Poles of WawsemlarhsB, at Kispayaks 86 
(23) Poles of Kweeyaihl, at Kispayaks 87 
(24) Poles of Ksrarom-larhae, at Gitsegyukla 91 
(25) Poles of Harhpegwawtu, at Gitsegyukla 94 
(26) Pole of Leelebeks, at Kispayaks 97 
(27) Poles of Qael, at IQspayaks 98 
(28) Pole of Hrkyadet, at Kispayaks 101 
(29) Pole of Wa-iget at Kisgagas 102 
(30) Poles of Weegyet, at Gitsegyukla 104 
Poles of the Wolf phratry 108 
(31) Poles of Malee, at Gitwinlkul 108 
(32) Poles of Gwarh-skysek and Sqabse, at Kispayaks 110 
(33) Pole of Spawrh, at Gitenmaks (Hazelton) 112 
(34) Poles of Khleem-larhae, at Kispayaks 114 
(35) Pole of Hrsarhgyaw, at Kispayaks 116 
(36) Poles of Weerhae, at Gitwinlkul 117 
(37) Poles of Willits and Trawawq, at Gitwinlkul 121 
(38) Pole of Haidzemerhs, at Gitwinlkul 122 
(39) Poles of Kwawhadaq, at Gitenmaks 124 
(40) Poles of Kyawlugyet, at Qaldo 126 
(41) Pole of Ksemqaqhl, at Kispayaks 127 
(42) Poles of Arhteeh, at Kitwanga 129 
(43) Pole of Waws, at Hagwelget 132 
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