42 
that was to become the Kitwanga tribe, and became a member of Hleng- 
wah’s family through adoption. Both Laelt and Arhkawt, of Kitwanga, 
claim that the family of Ksem-rhsan, of Gitlarhdamks, represents the original 
family of their common ancestors. The direct maternal ancestors of 
Lsclt seem to have migrated to the Skecna some time before Arhkawt, 
possibly a few generations — altogether two hundred years ago or less. 
The 'Neegyamks or Water-lily clan or families of Harhu, of Kispayaks, 
and Wutarhaysets, of the Carrier village of Hagwelget, as well as Kweenu of 
Gitwinlkul, also partly belong to the same stock through recent inter- 
mixture. 
Lsclt owns two out of the five totem poles belonging to the Kitwanga 
group under his leadership. These two poles, out of the four in the rear 
row, stand on the left hand, to the east. 
DESCRIPTIONS 
The older of the two poles (Plate VI, figure 3), is named Hanging- 
frogs, or PTogs-hanging-down (Spcerern-ranaa^o ); or Ribs-of-the-Frog 
(Andepicchl-ranaa'o). It is sometimes called the Pole-of-Trhahaphapu, 
from the name of the family sub-chief in whose memory it was erected. 
Its figures are : Person-in-the-Lake ( LugycBdem-dzern-darh ) ; Copper-smell 
Cls^owq ), the shape of which is exactly like that of the steel strike-a-fire 
implement of the French Canadian pioneers; the Mawdzeks, with wings 
folded in front of its body, the emblematic bird which is really the Eagle, 
but is currently known under the special name of Mawdzeks or Mawq;^ 
Frog-hanging-down (Spcerem’Tanaa'o)] the Mawdzeks (Eagle); six small 
Frogs-hanging-down (Spcerem-ranaa'o)', Person-of-the-door-way post (Gym- 
dem-ran-ptaw' ), with hands resting on a decorated stick or a rope; the 
Beaver (Tsemcelih); Real-chief-frog ( Send awgeedem-ranaa' o ) in a squatting 
position. 
The second and more recent pole (Plate VI, figure 4) is named Pole- 
whereon-climb-the-Frogs (Randeptcehl-ranaa^o). Its figures are: Mawdzeks 
(the Eagle) with the Frog, head upwards, on its body; either Copper- 
smell CIs'owq), in the shape of a human being, or Person-of-the-lake 
(Lugycedem-dzem-darh)^ Copper-smell seems to hold two small objects 
or beings in his hands, over his knees, these may be the White-groundhogs 
(^Maskweeyuk)f another family crest Climbing-frog or Where-the-Frog- 
climbs (Andeptceldehl-ranaa’o)d The ancestress Lutraisuh, mother of 
the warrior Naeqt, in her Haida canoe — ^her face is upside down at the 
lower end, the two faces above hers are those of Kawak, her beheaded 
Haida husband, whose protruding tongue extends to the mouth of Naeqt, 
his son; Climbing-frog again; and Half-of-bear (Hrtsarawm4se7n-smaih ),a,t 
the base.® 
•Here again we suggested the name of Hawk with indifferent results. Informant Lselt replied: “another kind 
of Hawk, but small." As stated elsewliere (Poles of Rarks-rabarks), this name is given to the Eagle in order not to 
hurt the feelings of the people belonging to the Eagle phratry. 
^Opinions of informants differ as to which of the two. 
•Groundhogs are represented likewise on the Ladder-in-steps pole of Weegyet of Gitsegyukla (p. 105). 
•Ltelt stated that his family had other poles, which have fallen and been burnt. 
•Alfred Sinclair, the interpreter, believed that this figure was Ensnared-bear (Tseepkum-amaih). 
