64 
The erection of the third and tallest pole, Sleeping-place-of-the-Raven 
(Plate X, figure 3), was brought about by Hlamee, the totem pole carver, in 
memory of his brother Ramlarhyielk, about 1890- — or, as Kweenu puts it,' 
“after Gitwinlkul Jim’s murder.”^ It stands just a few paces behind 
Ramlarhyaelk's grave. 
CARVERS 
The old pole of People-of-the-smoke-hole (Plate IX, figure 5; Plate X, 
figure 1) was carved by a Nass River artist, whose name is not remembered. 
The second pole, of the same name, and standing to the north (Plate 
X, figure 2, the pole behind the one leaning), was also carved by a Nass 
River artist, Hrtseeyae, of Gitlarhdamks, a member of the family of Qawq, 
of the Eagle phratry. 
The third pole, the Sleeping-place-of-the-Raven (Plate X, figure 3) 
was carved by Hlamee himself,® although he was of the same family as the 
deceased. A paternal relative of the deceased, from another phratry, 
may have been appointed to “stand over” the work, so as not to break the 
rule that such ceremonial services must not be rendered within the same 
phratry. 
The tallest of these three poles is the most recent of the three; it is 
presumably about 60 feet high, and the long, slender log was not hollowed 
out at the back, as was done in many of the older poles. The other poles 
seem to be 30 or 40 feet high. Although the technique of carving is rather 
alike, and of fine quality, in both of the more recent poles, it is far more 
archaic in the older pole, where the relief of the figures is not so high. 
Indeed, it may rather be described as being in low relief, with the exception 
of the human figure at the top. The log was flattened at the back, in 
the two older poles, so as to reduce its weight when it was erected. If 
the more recent of the three poles was actually carved by Hlamee, of 
Gitwinlkul, as it is said to have been, it is clear that this reputed carver’s 
work was at its best, and more archaic, in his earlier period, before he 
resorted to commercial paint, than in later life. Its figures here are vigor- 
ously embossed, though a trifle too small and numerous in the upper half 
of the pole. Were it not said to be the work of Hlamee, we would have 
ascribed it to a Gitlarhdamks carver, as its treatment and general appear- 
ance are quite similar to those of a few poles of the upper Nass.^ 
(12) Poles of Liirhawn, at Gitwinlkul 
Lurhawn is a clan ‘brother’ of Ramlarhyaelk. The traditions and 
crests of both are virtually the same, except for the latter part of these two 
chief’s traditional narratives, where they are shown as living in different 
houses, sometimes apart on their hunting grounds, and as having fought 
together over disputed privileges. 
•Mrs. John Larahnitz. 
* 1887 , 
*According to Lselt (Salomon Harris), of Kitwanga, a reliable old informant. 
*It is indeed quite likely that two or three artists may have carved this pole, and that Hlamee merely assisted 
them without giving the stamp of his personality to the pole. Being of the same Larhsail phratry as the deceased 
whom it commemorates, it would have been a deviation from the rule to have Hlamee carve it under his own name. 
