76 
to 6ight in a canoe and returned home with her young son.^ This emblem 
is used in various ways by most of the members of the Tongue-licked 
(Nosqt) clan — for instance, by Arhkawt (in Hlengwah’s family), Laelt,* 
Nseqt or Haray,® and others.** Other families also distantly related to 
them — Kweenu, of Gitwinlkul, and Weemenawzek, of Kisgagas — also 
claim it as their own. Weemenawzek, of Kisgagas — near the headwaters 
of the Skeena — uses it under the name of Tsirhs-yarhyaq,^ and had it 
carved as a row of five human heads all around his totem pole, with tongues 
protruding towards a lower row of five more heads upside down. The 
two other emblems of Weemenawzek, besides, are the same as those of 
Wutarhayaets — the Flying-frog and the Three-across (Hrpugwelawn). 
Just-sticking-out (Ramdephsceiu) is a crest alluding to a war adven- 
ture of the warrior Naeqt, when he raided a Kitamat village, on the sea- 
coast. One of the coast villagers after having been stabbed by Naeqt 
ran out into the water until it reached his waist (Cf. The pole of Tcelramuk, 
page 40). 
The Real-kingfisher ( SemgycEk ) and Sleeping-place-of-the-Raven 
( H aneelahl-qaq ) were acquired from Ramlarhyaelk and Lurhawn, their 
present neighbours and allies, after Yarhyaq once had paid their funeral 
expenses and been adopted in the place of Wutarhayaets, whose family 
had become extinct. 
FUNCTION 
The first pole, that of the Real-kingfisher (Plate XII, figure 3) was 
erected in memory of a former Wutarhayaets,® whose earlier name was 
Wee’andarh’is (Large-bladder-of-the-grizzly). It is the oldest of the three, 
and was already standing when our informants were children.^ It may 
be about sixty years of age. 
Ramrh-lauh, of the family of Wutarhayaets, wa.s responsible for the 
erection of the Flying-frog pole, which commemorates a later Wutarhayaets.® 
It has stood for slightly over forty years.® 
The newest pole and also the shortest was erected over twenty years 
ago in memory of a recent Wutarhayaets. 
CABVERS 
. The name of the carver responsible for the oldest of the three poles 
(Plate XII, figure 3) is not remembered. But we believe it to be from the 
hand of a Nass River craftsman. The manner of representing the Raven 
*Aylwin Williams, however, was under the impression that these represented three Tsetsaut heads. But this 
seems to be a reinterpretation, in the light of recent family experiences. According to him Wutarhaysets with other 
members of the Gitwinlkul tribe, raided a Tsetsaut camp of the Stikeen, and brought back three scalps, which are 
represented here. 
*Of Kitwanga. 
*Of Kispayaks. 
‘Rarhs-rabarhs, of Gits^yukla. 
*Or Tsenirhs-yarhj/aq, which is described as "the head of a human being”, the origin of which is accounted for 
in the myth of Nseqt (Tongue-licked). The name of Yarhyaq, besides, is that of the first head of the present 
Wutarhayffits family on the Skeena. 
•Aylwin Williams pronounced it Windarh’is and added that he was later named Wutsirhayffita. 
^Mrs. John Larahnitz, Aylwin and Albert Williams. 
•Aylwin Williams believed it commemorated Tawrhens and Yarhyaq. 
•Mrs. John Larahnitz remembered that it had been erected at the time of the epidemic of measles, in 1887. 
