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remote ancestress. But doubts may still be entertained as to the validity 
of their claim/ which may be due to the predominant belief among the 
upper Skeena Fire weeds in their remote Sky origin. 
Their only close relatives or associates abroad, according to their 
own computation, are the members of Leelebeks family at Kispayaks, 
Aret (or Yael) at Hazelton, and Ksrarom-larhae, of Hagwelget. Leelebeks 
once was a member of Harhpegwawtu's family at Gitsegyukla, from which 
he separated and settled at Kispayaks.^ Aret’s household is a recent sub- 
division of that of Leelebeks. 
Ksrarom-larhse owns three totem poles at Gitsegyukla, two in the old 
village on the river bank, and one in the new village above. 
DESCRIPTION' 
The oldest and tallest of these poles (Plate XVII, figure 4; Plate 
XVIII, figure 1) is named Snag-of-the-sand-bar (Ranem-ktsem’aus).^ Its 
figures are: the Grouse (with her offsprings, three altogether) / the Pretty- 
fireweed/ a mask affixed to the pole, the identity of which is doubtful — 
and informant® described it as the mask of the personal name Nees-nawee, 
which was placed on the pole after the death of a chief of that name/ 
Winged-person ( Rarayem-gyet) ; the ghost-like Moth ( Lawrom-halerh ) 
described in the myth; at the bottom, the monster Hagwelawrh, from 
under the water, on whose back the Snag-of-the-sand-bar was supposed 
to rise. 
The second pole (Plate XVII, figure 5; Plate XVIII, figure 2), bears 
the names of Pole of Kuksdedalreh, or of Hat-of-Tsagyem-hanak. It 
consists of the following figures: Kuksdedalreh himself, the head of a sub- 
division in this family, in whose commemoration the pole was erected; on 
his head, the ceremonial Hat of Tsagyem-hanak, with three cylinders; 
Winged-person, twice repeated, the lower of the two holding a small human 
being in his claws, or according to a different opinion,® the Moth (Lawrom- 
halerh); the Grouse, with its brood; and, at the bottom, the Moth, or, 
possibly, Winged-person. 
The third pole recently erected in the new village is named Winged- 
person (Rarayein-gyet). The bird at the top is the Grouse, the figure 
below stands for Winged-person. 
iDan Gurhsan believed that Ilarhpegwawtu and his own ancestor Gurhsan formed part of the same household 
at Temiaham, 
2Nees-tarhawk, of Kitsalas, Alim-larhae, of Ginarhangeek, and Saiks, of Gitrhahla, are also considered as their 
relatives among the Tsimsyans abroad. Semaw-iget-gyamk, of Hagwelget, was also indicated as a relative, 
although in rather ambiguous terras. 
*Or according to Wawralaw (Alec Brown), it was named “Pretty Fireweed” (Subasemhmsl) . 
♦One of these recently fell off and was lost. 
K)r Suhasemkmst — a Tsimsyan word (according to Alec Brown, Wawralaw). Another informant, Charles Mark, 
called it Ilalf-fireweed, because only half of the pole was occupied by tlio blossoms. 
^Charles Mark. Another informant, Alec Brown, wondered whether it was not the Lawrorn-balerh crest of this 
house. 
^We do not find this name in the lists for the above families. The only one like it, which we can think of, is 
that of Nees-naw®, one of the principal names of the same crest in the Gillodzar tribe of the Tsimsyan, whose 
totem pole also represented the Fireweed. An informant also gave us this name as belonging to a member of the 
Kitsalas tribes; but this may have been by mistake. 
•That of Alec Brown. 
