110 
The third, the pole of the Cormorant (Plate XXIV, figure 1) is prob- 
ably not over fifteen or twenty years old. 
CARVERS 
To Hsesem-hliyawn goes the credit of carving the pole of the Sitting- 
Grizzly, a fine example of native decorative treatment, particularly in 
the lower figures of the Grizzly and the smaller human-like beings on his 
head. Here we find Tsimsyan carving at its best in its most typical form. 
Haesem-hliyawn belonged to the household of Wutarhaysets, of the Larhsail 
phratry at Gitwinlkul. 
The poles of the Ribs-of-the-bear and of the Cormorant, were carved 
by Hlamee/ a member of Ramlarhyselk’s family, of the Larhsail phratry 
at Gitwinlkul. As an interval of over twenty years lapsed between their 
erection, we can compare on the spot the work of Hlamee in his earlier 
and later periods; and we find that the older of the two poles reveals him 
at his best. The figures of the climbing cub, the head of which, in relief, 
is turned aside, and of the other cub over the head of the Grizzly, show 
genuine originality and independence, both in their treatment and plastic 
feeling. Here he was passing out of the merely conventional style of 
his fellow artists into the domain of pure sculpture.^ His device of affixing 
parts in relief to the pole, though not confined to himself exclusively, is 
clever and well utilized. The figures in his later pole, possibly owing to 
his old age at the time when he carved it, revert on the whole to the ordinary 
stylistic treatment of the period. And the black and white paint with 
which he decorated them according to the new fashion does not compensate 
for the evident loss of his earlier inspiration and artistry. 
(32) Poles of Gwarh-skyaek and Sqab£e\ at Kispayaks 
The families of Gwarh-skyaek, Sqabae’, and Hawaao separated some 
time in the past from that of JMalee of Gitwinlkul, as a sequel of domestic 
strife over the wives of his nephews. Hence they belong to the Prairie 
clan (Larhwiyip) of the Wolf phratry. Their households, known under 
the name of The Fugitives (Hagwenudet, to flee from .... to), stand 
distinctly apart from those of Hrleem-larhae and Hsarhgyaw, of the same 
tribe, though they also belong to the same clan. They branched off the 
parent stem and migrated to Kispayaks at a later date. Their use of an 
Eagle crest now characterizes them. 
They own two totem poles, at Kispayaks, the more el aborately carved 
one belonging to Gwarh-skyaek, and the other to Sqabae’. 
DESCRIPTION 
The older of the two poles, belonging to Gwarh-skyaek and standing 
at the rear (Plate XXI, figure 3), bears the name of Small-hat (Hlkwaw- 
roet), or, according to another informant, Tall-hat (Ksenaum-rcet). It 
contains a single figure, that of a human being sitting, with a high conical- 
like hat on his head. 
lAlexander was his English name. 
>The face of the large Grizzly Bear ia disfigured by the loss of its muzzle, whioh formerly stood out in relief 
