125 
Skeena, near Bear lake. He seems to belong in some ways to the Wild- 
rice clan of the Wolf phratry. He shares with the other members of this 
clan the privilege of using the tradition of the raid of Suweeraus against 
the Tsetsaut (Sekanais), in which the crest of Shadows was acquired. 
But the credit for this may go back to his own ancestors, under the leader- 
ship of Gwee-ssedzan, of the same phratry and village, who took part in 
the same expedition and shared in the same benefits. 
His other family emblems and privileges and his connexions abroad 
otherwise tend to indicate that his remote origin may have been dififerent 
from that of the Wild-rice clan. Two of his crests are different: the 
Black-bears climbing a tree, and the Wolf-cut-in-half. His family myth, 
which accounts for the origin of the Shadows, is rather different from that 
of the Wild-rice clan, as we will see presently. His close relatives abroad 
are also different: Nist, of Qaldo; Weeraih, of Kisgagas; and Gwjb, of 
Gitwinksilk on the Nass,^ all of whom seem to trace their origin to a common 
ancestor — Gwee-sajdzan, of the Wild-rice village. 
Kwawhadaq owns a totem pole at Hazelton. A section of another 
pole, formerly standing on the old village site, still existed a few years ago 
and was photographed before its disappearance. 
DESCRIPTION 
The totem pole that still stands in the new Indian village^ at Hazelton 
(Plate XXVI, figure 1) is known under the name of Place-of-climbing 
(Amptahlu); or, according to another interpretation, Place-where-bears- 
cool-off. 
Its figures are: Wolf-cut-in-half (Htseraiitsem-keehu), the front part 
of the wolf is shown head downwards, with black stripes for the ribs; 
Black-bears (/SmazVijand their two cubs (Ksi’awahl, New-cubs) climbing 
around the pole, four altogether;® Shadows-of-trees (Kanawdzenerh ) painted 
in black between the two bears, near the bottom of the pole, it consists 
of two parallel lines enclosing three circles, one at both ends and the other 
in the centre; both arms on each side of the central circle are disposed 
as are the arms of a clock at twenty-five to eleven. 
The fragment (Plate XXVI, figure 2) formed part of an older pole 
standing in the old village near the junction of the Bulkley and the Skeena. 
More figures are said to have appeared on that pole than on the newer one. 
ORIGIN 
The Shadows-of-trees were obtained as an emblem by this family 
on the occasion of a raid against the Tsetsaut (Sekanais), under the direc- 
tion of Suweeraus and Nurhs, of Qaldo. When the raiders came to the 
edge of a northern lake, they became aware of the presence of the enemy 
on the other side, and they watched for their shadows in the water. Finally 
they spied shadows moving at the opposite edge of the lake, and, antici- 
*Gwae and Laqse, of the same clan, at Gitwinlcsilk, belong to what is known on the Nass as the Larh-tiyawqhl 
tribe. The crests of Laqse are Large-belly, and Ixjng-cutting-no.w ( Hoioklern-tsvjk ). The name of Kyaehu is also 
found in their possession. 
^Established by the first Indian Agent, Mr. Ijoring, about 1890. 
•There u.sed to be a cub (according to some, it was a Wolf), on top of the pole. Tliis cre-st as a whole was also 
called AA-u’uifnytsL Without-knowledge. 
