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(d) The clan now under the leadership of Hlengwah, of Kitwanga. It 
is a subdivision of a Tsimsyan clan, that of Qawm, of Kitsalas, and Nees- 
yaranset, of the Gitsees tribe. Representatives of this clan, which origin- 
ated among the Tlingit, are to be found among the Gitksan, the Hagwelget,^ 
the Tsimsyan, the Kitamat, and the Haida. It is one of the outstanding 
clans of the Larhsail-Ranhada phratry on the North West Coast. Halus, 
at Kitwanga, and Mawlarhen, of Gitsegyukla, are descendants of one of 
the first Hlengwah among the Gitksan. Hlengwah's ancestors, when they 
migrated up the Skeena, were adopted by a family under the leadership 
of Yarhyaq. And that family later amalgamated with that of Arhkawt, 
of the Frog-woman clan, after he had migrated south from the Nass. 
(e) The Wild-rice clan ( GiVanrasrh ) of the Larhsail, traces back its 
origin to the nomadic Tsetsaut bands of the interior, to the north. Its 
leading families are those of Ramlarhyielk and Lurhawn, of Gitwinlkul; 
Gitemraldo and Sanaws, of Hazelton; Wawralaw and Tu’pesu, of Gitseg- 
yukla; and Meluleq, of Kisgagas. 
(f ) The Water-lily clan ( Skasewasan ) , of the neighbouring Hagwelget 
people, is represented among the Gitksan by a few members; Kwawqaq 
Ho’demerh, and Wutarhayaets, of Gitwinlkul, who became part of the 
family of Kweenu, through amalgamation; and also, possibly, Harhu, 
of Kispayaks. 
(g) Yarhyaq, Lselt, and perhaps some other elements in the Frog- 
Raven phratry of the Gitksan, did not originally belong to any of the above 
clans, though they have long since become associated, through amalgama- 
tion, with one of them. They seem to have come from a native stock 
already located on the Skeena at the time when the migrations from the 
north and the west overran the country. 
Clans of the Fireweed Phratry 
(a) The Sky clan is one of the most important among the Gitksan, 
the Tsimsyan, and the Nisrse; it is also represented among the Haidas of 
Queen Charlotte islands, and two Athapascan groups, the Babine and 
the Hagwelget, of the interior plateaux. Its origin is traced back to 
Temlaham, on the Skeena, and its remote ancestress was Skawah, the 
virgin whom Rays-of-the-Sun, a sky spirit, once took to wife, in mythic 
times. Its members among the Gitksan fall into three or four groups or 
sub-clans. Their differences are marked; and they consider each other 
as belonging to wholly different clans. The Gitksan families that belong 
to the Sky clan proper are: Gurhsan and Hanamuq, of Gitsegyukla; 
Gitludahl, Nurhs, and Wawsemlarhae, of Kispayaks; Hatisran and Aret, 
of Gitenmaks (Hazelton);® Weedeldsel, of Gitsemraelem; Tpee, of the Nass; 
and the several “royal” Gispewudwade families among the Tsimsyan — 
Weesaiks, of the Ginarhangyeek; Nees-hlkemeek, of the Gillodzar; Nees- 
wserhs, of the Ginahdawks, and Tseebesse, of the Gitrhahla. 
(h ) The Gitkeemelae clan traces its origin to the mythic village of 
Keemelse, a short distance above Gitlarhdamks, on Nass river. Its 
'Haraau and Gysedem-skaneea, of Hagwelget, are members of this clan. 
^The Hazelton branch dates back only to about 1872; it is a subdivision of the family of Wawsemlarhse, 
Kispayaks. 
