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semrselem Eagle families, under one of the earliest Legyaerh. Qawq now 
heads three Eagle families, of the same sub-clan, at Kitwanga, those of 
Qawq, Tewalasu, and Sqaysen. 
Summary 
There are six clans in the Frog-Raven phratrj'', most of which are 
remotely related to one another; the Frog- woman or ’Neegyamks clan, 
the Tongue-licked or Naeqt clan, Nawle’s clan, Hlengwah’s clan, the Wild- 
rice clan, and the Water-lily clan. 
The Fireweed phratry consists of three branches of the Sky-clan, one 
of which is known as Gitkeemelce; the Wild-rice clan, and the clan under 
the leadership of Weegyet, which goes back to the Eagle phratry. 
The Wolf phratry consists of five clans, all of which are genetically 
related: the Prairie clan, the Gitrhandakhl clan, the Wild-rice clan, the 
second Wild-rice clan, and the Hrain Island clan. 
From the point of view of origin, it may be noted — although it is not 
our object here to draw attention to this important feature — that most 
of these clans originated in the north, either among the Tlingit, the Sekan- 
ais, or the Tsetsaut, or the Tahltan. The Wolf phratry as represented among 
the Gitksan is almost wholly, if not wholly, of Tahltan extraction — -the 
Tahltans are a northern Athapascan people, of the Yukon frontier. The 
Eagles trace back their origin to Na’a, among the Tlingit. The clans of 
the two other phratries — the Frog-Ravens and the Fireweeds— are more 
distinctly aboriginal among the Gitksan. Yet most of their remote ances- 
tors are said to have migrated from the north southwards. In the Frog- 
Raven phratry, the clans of Frog-woman and Tongue-Licked claim the 
lower Nass as their ancient home; and their Haida affiliations are a dis- 
tinctive feature. Illengwah, of Kitwanga and his Tsimsyan relatives, 
once were Tlingit. The Wild-rice clan was until recently Tsetsaut — from 
an Athapascan people to the north. And the Water-lily clan is also seem- 
ingly of similar extraction. Only two or three elements in this phratry 
seem native to the Skeena, and they are of small numerical importance — ■ 
those of Yarhyaq, and possibly Nawle. The clans of the Fireweed phratry 
are more typically Gitksan than the others. Two of the Sky clans claim 
Temlaham, on the Skeena, as their original home. Yet, the second Sky 
clan, that of Gitkeemilae, is from the Nass; and it is claimed by its members 
that Temlaham was situated on the Nass, not the Skeena. The Wild-rice 
clan of the Fireweed phratry belongs as much to the Athapascans of the 
interior as it does to the Gitksan. It may have originated in its present 
form among them, although its remote origin is, we presume, to be traced 
back to the Gitksan. ‘ 
'Since tl»e interior Athapasccji^ have no very ancient clans of their own. 
